Równowaga gospodarcza w teoriach ekonomicznych
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Date
1990
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Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM
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Economic balance in economic theories
Abstract
In economic theories, starting from the classical English economy (with the
exception of Marx's theory), a prevailing conception was the conception of self-
-regulatory balance on a free competition market. It was criticized, among others,
by J. Keynes, who stressed the need of regulating the economic processes by the
state. Next, the representatives of so-called post-Keynesian economy pointed to
the need of analysing both the growth of production capacity caused by investmen
as well as the growth of general national product. In effect, the post-Keynesian
trend became closer to neo-classical economy and the achievements of the Keynesian
school were adopted by neoclassicists who started investigating the relations
between national product and investment in conditions of full utilization of
production factors.
A response to main trends of Western thought is institutionalism, a trend
which points to the need of substituting market regulation of economic balance
with non-market coordination, providing so-called steered balance. Another trend
in opposition to the far-reaching state interventionism of Keynesian school in
neoliberalism which advocates the conception of liberal market economy coordinated
by the state.
Even less efficient, from the point of viem of mechanisms and conditions of
balanced growth, was the strive towards the implementation of balanced growth
by means of directival-distributive system in force in the socialist countries. The
accomplishment of natural purpose of production by way of direct means turned
out to be more complicated and less efficient than the direct fulfillment of that
purpose by way the regulated market mechanism. Subsequently, under the influence
of the policy of intensive industrialization, the concept of central planning and
managing the national economy was based on the so-called law of prevalence of
growth of I sector over the II sector. The said law was allegedly to justify
permanent economic imbalance. However, the criticism of that law formulated in
Polish literature did not significantly after the economic policy. The latter continued
to profess the increased economic growth coupled with plans which were
impossible to be fulfilled, and generated economic disproportions instead of
balanced growth.
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Citation
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny, 52, 1990, z. 2, s. 115-134