Socjologiczna teoria elity
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Date
1984
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Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM
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The sociological theory of elite
Abstract
The article contains a study of views of the most eminent adherents to the
theory of elite and an attempt at defining the (possibility of its application in social
sciences. The emergence of that concept at the end of 19 century is related to names
of Italians V. Pareto and G. Mosci. They defined a notion of elite though only
in political categories omitting other spheres of social life, in particular the economic
basis of a high social position of elite members. In the 20 century the
theory of elite found many followers, especially in the English speaking countries.
Observing a heterogenous character of modern societies, such {researchers as
K. Mannheim, H. Dreitzel, S. Keller, specified several types of elites operating
simultaneously in society (political, economic, army, artistic). The attempts were
being made at defining a general elite of society, as in every sphere of human
activity an elite group can be isolated (H. Lasswell, D. Boyd). At the same time
some of scholars kept relating functioning of elites to the problem of political
power (H. Lasswell, C. Mills). Various questions emerging from the theory of elite
raise controversies. It is extremely difficult to find the definition of elite which
would be adequate for societies at different level of developement. The author
has also tried to present several critical conclusions on the presented concepts of
elite. The theory of elite presents a different perspective of analysis from the classstrata
analysis, facilitates better examination of a social structure, especially
a sphere of political relations.
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Citation
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny 46, 1984, z. 3, s. 267-278