Kompetencja Międzynarodowego Trybunału Sprawiedliwości do rozpoznawania sporów międzypaństwowych
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Date
1988
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Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM
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Jurisdiction of the international court of justice to adjudicate international disputes. Interpretation of some aspects of decisions of the international court of justice in a dispute between Nicaragua and the USA
Abstract
The article deals with some aspects of the International Court of Justice
(ICJ) jurisdiction considered in a recently decided dispute between Nicaragua and
the USA. The analysis is concerned with strictly jurisdictional problems as well
as the problems concerning the admissibility of the case. The purpose of the
article is to point out to new conceptions elaborated by ICJ. The article also
assesses the correctness of objections raised by the USA.
The following jurisdictional issues are discussed: validity of a declaration to
recognize compulsory jurisdiction, issued on a basis of the PCIJ Statute; form
of acceptance of compulsory jurisdiction of the ICJ; submitting a reservation excluding
the jurisdiction of the ICJ shortly before the suit is instituted; application of
the reciprocity principle to time limitations; the conception of simultaneous binding
force of contractual and customary norms; dependency between the claim on the
one hand and the purpose and subject-matter of a treaty on the other; the right
to interpret the jurisdiction exclusion clause and the condition of failure of diplomatic
methods.
The article discusses also the ICJ's interpretation of some stipulations of the
UN Charter, such as the difference between the scopes of Chapter VI and VII
of the Charter, the ICJ's right to decide a case which has earlier been examined
by the UN Security Council, the meaning of „inherent" right to self-defence, the
application of regional agreements provided for in Art. 52 of the UN Charter.
Of greatest significance for the development of international public law seems
to be the conception of simultaneous binding force of contractual and customary
norms. In the sphere of the ICJ's jurisdiction, important precedents are: the requirement
of reasonable period of time in reversing the declaration to recognize
compulsory jurisdiction and non-application of the reciprocity principle to time
limitations pertaining to those declarations.
The decision stating the validity of Nicaragua's declaration of 1929 evokes.
serious reservations and in that respect the objections raised by the USA should
be considered justified.
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Digitalizacja i deponowanie archiwalnych zeszytów RPEiS sfinansowane przez MNiSW w ramach realizacji umowy nr 541/P-DUN/2016
Keywords
Citation
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny 50, 1988, z. 2, s. 77-95
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ISBN
ISSN
0035-9629