Rozważania o klimacie i konfliktach ideowych XVII wieku
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Date
1984
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Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM
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Reflections on a climate and ideological conflicts of the seventeenth century
Abstract
Recollection of anniversary of the Vienna Victory inclines a historian of law
and political thought to express his opinion. Main streams of intellectual and political
discussion in the seventeenth century Europe are described by the author
as well as peculiarities of climate in Poland in the reign of John III Sobieski
presented against their background. Was it different (and to what degree)
from the climate in 'other countries of that tumultous century? What complexes
of phenomena patterned the ideology of Poles of the last quarter of the 17-th century?
What was the intellectual and ideological heritage contributed to the Sobieski
times by the previous age? Influence of the European thought was
diminishing along the decades. Political culture of the last quarter of the century
was clearly of local, "Sarmatian" descent. It was in the times of first elected
monarchs and subsequently, in the reign of Vasas when the signs of atmosphere
were formed Poland in the age of Sobieski was breathing with. Lasting process of
creating grounds for the domination of oligarchy both in the political system, economy and in ideology was completed in the reign of John Casimir and Michael
Korybut.
Nonetheless the age of Sobieski was something more than a mere continuance
of the previous development. Ideological climate of his times is revealed in
petrifying old principles of the system and political orders. "Sarmatism", synonymous
to conservatism then, and ideology of the golden liberty served as apology
of the contemporary age. Elements of the latter were of extreme democratic character
but in the situation of equilibrium among the combatting political parties
in the country they contributed to strengthen the power of oligarchy. The Viennese
success of Sobieski threatened to upset this equilibrium and therefore, the
year 1683 so manificently distinguished itself in Polish military history for example.
induced fostering of political fights in the country and became one more step
forwards the stagnation of the Saxon age. After the 1683 victory all reforms of
the Court were more successfully stopped by the aristocratic opposition.
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Digitalizacja i deponowanie archiwalnych zeszytów RPEiS sfinansowane przez MNiSW w ramach realizacji umowy nr 541/P-DUN/2016
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Citation
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny 46, 1984, z. 1, s. 1-18