Wzrost gospodarczy a transformacja ustrojowa Polski (Polska pod koniec lat 90-tych XX wieku)
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Date
1996, 1996
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Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM
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Economic growth and system transformation
Abstract
The fast economic growth in Poland following 1992 has resulted from a higher degree of
advancement of the real transformation rather than from the formal progress of privatization. The
"market mentality" has been more developed than in the neighbouring countries. Continuously
low production costs make a profitable official export and border trading possible. The market
mechanism dominates in the functioning of economy. The parliamentary elections of 1993, won by
the pink-green coalition, have endangered the process, despite the former's programme-declared
wish to continue the reforms. Privatization has been hindered and its status as a condition of
success underestimated. Attempts at an instrumental approach to money has been observed. The
dangers of budget deficit and public debt has not been recognized enough. Tendency to monopolization
of some branches of economy and to restrict the free market have appeared. In economic
policy one can notice the rebirth of the ideology of a wide-reaching state interventionism seen in
terms of a legimitized centralism. The continued division of economy into the market and nonmarket
sectors has made it impossible to change the structure of budget spending and to maintain
strict financial and credit policy. In economical terms the absence of a costs and prices barrier
poses the greatest danger. It leads to a fast growth of costs and prices and the loss of competitiveness
by Polish products. On the other hand, the growth of foreign currency reserves by NBP (National
Bank of Poland), much emphasized by the government, has not turned out to be inflatiogenic.
The condition for strengthening the tendency for growth in economy is a full implementation of
the systemic properties of market economy: microeconomic rationality based on private ownership,
introduction of a free market mechanism and a stable, exchangeable currency which enforces rational
behaviour. Because it is the high inflation that still poses the greatest danger to economic growth.
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Citation
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny, 58, 1996, z. 1, s. 71-84