Socjologiczne aspekty kryzysu władzy
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Date
1982
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Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM
Title alternative
The Sociological Aspects of Power Crisis
Abstract
The author of the article makes an attempt to determine social reasons of the
Polish power crisis leading to the August conflict of 1980. Some trends of the
discussion both inside and outside of the Party are criticized in the introductory
remarks, i.e. 1) assumption of premises of the simplified economism, 2) failure
to notice the contradictions inherent in the socialist development, 3) reasoning on
the faith of the idealistic understanding of an individual's part in the history.
Briefly speaking, it is a question of the trend which is a vulgarization of the
Marxist theory of social developement. Finally the author formulates a hypothesis of contradictions inherent in socialism, which result in situations of crisis under
particular .instances, assuming the shape of sharp social conflicts. Disfunctions
of power are considered by the author to be one of those instances.
A conflictive crisis of power has been a cyclically occuring phenomenon of
the post war Poland in spite of the fact that the rules of the socialist democracy
had been already laid down and the institutions of people's democracy were
formed. A personality cult which could not have been overcome till August of
1980 was one of the reasons generating the power crisis. It gave rise to the contradictions
between the system of the socialist democracy and the antidemocratic
technics of power wielding. Inability to solve this contradiction was a result
of primitive interpretation of the Leninist proposition of the proletarian dictatorship.
A principle of the democratic centralism suffered a vulgar way of
understanding as well, what in turn gave rise to the capacity of the executive
power to escape a social control. In this way, the legislative, judicial and even
the political power became subordinated to the executive machine. And the
working masses were becoming an object of power instead of being its subject.
At the same time a bureaucratic structure developed to be the actual social
power supporting the executive machine. Bureaucracy severed its ties with the
working masses of whom it had descended before and whom it was supposed
to serve. Simultaneously, new powerful barriers were formed to prevent the
penetration of new elements to the power machine. All this favored the generation
of permanent formal and non-formal ties inside the bureaucratic structure
to facilitate fulfillment of the interests of own stratum. These interests involved
legal and illegal acquisition of social and material privileges. The bureaucratic
stratum is also getting into an alliance with a lower middle class. Consequently
the class interest of bureaucracy conflicted with the one of working
masses producing in turn another factor of conflicts: a serious damage to the
sense of social justice.
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Citation
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny 44, 1982, z. 2, s. 185-203