Od naturalistycznego do humanistycznego paradygmatu w głównych naukach behawioralnych i kryminologii
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Date
1989
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Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM
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From a naturalistic to a huma7iistic paradigm on chief behavioural sciences and in criminology
Abstract
The author begins with a characterization of behavioural sciences, to which
he includes the sciences dealing with a human being and the society. Typical behavioural
sciences are criminology and a science of social pathology, tightly connected
with the former one. Having explained the concept of paradigm and commented
on the structure of science, which usually includes also basic ontological
assumptions, the author presents a naturalistic paradigm of behavioural sciences
formulated by positivism. It includes the following elements: 1) strict determinism
in conceiving human behaviour; 2) methodology based on natural sciences; 3) reductionists
tendencies consisting in attempts to explain human behaviour by reference
to biological or the like processes. A naturalistic paradigm, dominating
for several decades, have produced distinct symptoms of a crisis in behavioural
sciences. Their development is insufficient. Thus, it is high time to focus attention,
on antipositivistic tendencies which have become stronger and stronger since the
1960s. They can be traced in such trends as interactionism, phenomenological sociology,
ethnomethodology or humanistic psychology. A new paradigm — the humanistic
paradigm — starts to appear. It contains the following elements: 1) since
a human being possesses some onthological autonomy, strict determinism must
be rejected; 2) the methodology of natural sciences must be complemented with
methods allowing to reach to the abundance of psychical states of an individual;
3) instead of the simplyfying reductionism, a complex outlook on human behaviour,
where autonomy and different determinants appear simultaneously, must be
applied. There is an urgent need to perform a thorough analysis of the elements
of a humanistic paradigm and to develop new theories and new empirical research
within its frames.
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Digitalizacja i deponowanie archiwalnych zeszytów RPEiS sfinansowane przez MNiSW w ramach realizacji umowy nr 541/P-DUN/2016
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Citation
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny 51, 1989, z. 2, s. 87-101.