Struktura zużycia czasu w gospodarstwach chłopskich
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Date
1966
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Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM
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Abstract
The time budget structure on peasant farms has been divided in five groups,
i.e. working hours devoted to: agricultural production, household activities, non-
-agricultural occupation, personal-leisure time and finally nightly sleep. This time
spending has been combined with the characteristic features of the examined
farms and with the persons actively engaged on them. The farms have been
divided into two groups — the first one comprising farms which constitute
the main source of income and the second one comprising farms which constitute
an additional source of income. Each of these two groups has been further divided
into area groups. The farm population has been classified according to sex, vocationally
active and passive persons and according to performed functions in the
farms. The seasonal changeability of time structure is illustrated by samples taken
in February, May, August, October and December. The regional differentiation
is being characterized by two specific regions: mid-western and mid-eastern.
Excluding the group of farms of an area of 0,5—2 hectars in the category
of farms which constitute the main source of income, the time devoted by farming
and vocationally active menfolk to agricultural production — exceeds 7 hours
daily. In the periods of summer and autumn culminations — the working hours
fluctuate around 12 hours. The working time of the landladies, permanently helping
family members and vocationally active womenfolk in the months of May,
August and October fluctuates around 7 hours and in February and December
around 3 hours.
According to observations undertaken in May, August and October, the time
spent in household activities by landladies, permanently helping family members
and vocationally active women is generally shorter than the time devoted to
agricultural production. In February and December this relation is usually reversed.
The time spent in household activities undergoes also some seasonal changes.
The time devoted to non-agricultural earning activities decreases with the
increase in the farms areas. All the groups of the peasant population take part
in these activities.
The farmers devote as a rule more time for personal leisure than the landladies,
the family members who help sporadically more than those who help
permanently. Also the hours of the nightly sleep varies according to the category
of persons. In the farms which constitute the main source in income — the
nightly sleep amounts to 7 hours and more, whereas in the farms which constitute
an additional source of income — to 6 hours and sometimes even less.
The research in the field of the time-spending structure in the peasant
farms may be useful in the assessment of labour force reserves in said farms,
in working out the labour force balance and in ascertaining the real working
burden of the various category of persons in the different groups of farm areas.
It may also be useful for the rural social and cultural policies and for specific
scientific purposes e. g. the statistical classification of peasant population.
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Digitalizacja i deponowanie archiwalnych zeszytów RPEiS sfinansowane przez MNiSW w ramach realizacji umowy nr 541/P-DUN/2016
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Citation
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny 28, 1966, z. 2, s. 189-214