Drogi kształtowania się francuskiej klasy średniej
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Date
1982
Authors
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Publisher
Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM
Title alternative
The Directions of Forming the French Middle Class
Abstract
The modern French middle class is an interesting research subject. The
problem of the historical and sociological ways of its developement and transformations
is also engaging. The French middle class has its roots in the revolutionary
changes of the late 18 century, but its fundamental part was formed
in the second half of the 19 century and in the first half of the present century.
Two stages of the French middle class formation can be distinguished: the first
one,, related to the Belle Epoque, lasting conventionally to 1914 and the second
one opening with the outbreak of the World War I.
The great bourgeoise and the working class were rising and developing in
the Belle Epoque period, the social role of the middle class also increased. The
latter was in a way filling the lacunae which emerged between the other classes. The French middle class of that period was described as "capacités". It was
composed mostly of professional lawyers (judicial officers, attorneys, notaries)
and medical doctors. These professional categories had often a tradition of several
generations and their material existence was based on fees received from their
individual clients. Apart of these categories, the group of "capacités" comprised
professionals salaried by the state, private enterprises and various other institutions.
Engineers, journalists, scientifis and education workers have to be named
here.
A social importance of the "capacités" diminished in the interwar period, the
„new middle class"-„les cadres" started seizing their position, they were to rise
in power in the social life after the World War II. A period of its social developement
and stabilization was closed at the beginning of the sixties.
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Digitalizacja i deponowanie archiwalnych zeszytów RPEiS sfinansowane przez MNiSW w ramach realizacji umowy nr 541/P-DUN/2016
Keywords
Citation
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny 44, 1982, z. 4, s. 293-302
Seria
ISBN
ISSN
0035-9629