Dylematy współczesnej polityki społecznej w Polsce
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Date
1984
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Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM
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Dilemmas of the modern social policies in Poland
Abstract
The study of socio-economic situation in Poland in 1980 became a point of
departure for the author's thought. State of economy set the country serious long
term tasks of: a) re-orientation of social and economic policies, b) balancing
demand and supplies on the market, c) defining the standard of living on the
level of real capacities of the country, d) creating an economic model which would
secure effectivity and developement of economy to meet increasing needs of the
population.
Substantial part of the population as well as the striking workers in 1980
did not realize the gravity of situation. The characteristic feature of postulates
advanced at that time was that they were resulted not by the study of actual
capacities of the national economy, but by the desire to fulfill often basic, material
needs of the population, The two blocs of postulates ratified in the post-strike
agreements were quite contrary to the economic situation of Poland. The first
group of desiderata referred to increase of fages and social pecuniary benefits
(at the existing market disequilibrium). The second group of postulates concerned
reductions in worktime and earlier retirements for some social groups.
Most of the agreements in the respect of population income increases were
realized; yet, higher income not justified by adding to effectiveness of work were
one of the reasons which affected augmenting of inflationary gap. In most of the
cases the postulates pertaining to reductions in worktime and earlier retirements
were materialized. The state was not prepared for so rapid reforms though. As
a result production fell e.g. in the important industry of mining. All in all implementation
of agreements in the scope of social policies could not produce a lot,
contrary to execution of the postulates pertaining to citizens' liberties, freedom of
speech and writings etc.
The experience of the early 1980's can induce certain conclusions for the future,
their implementation can yield positive results and secure future growth of the
living standard, by the developement of social infrastructure, among others.
Conclusions are the following:
1. The social policies have to be always based on real possibilities of the
state and to attribute to its growth. Their goal is to distribute produced goods
and services in just and socially accepted way, instead of distributing fiat money
without coverage.
2. Limited material possibilities require in turn to define a clear hierarchy
of fulfilled needs and to indicate social groups concerned.
3. A distinct division has to be drawn between goods and services distributed
within a scheme of social consumption and goods and services consummed directly
by persons concerned as individual consumption. Failure to do so became one of
the reasons of emergence of high social inequalities in Poland of 1970's.
4. Another question is to include the whole society in social policies, and
distribution of consumption funds; the system of authoritarian social policies broke
down as its preferences could not suit the society.
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Citation
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny 46, 1984, z. 4, s. 293-307