ZWROT STRATEGICZNY I OPERACYJNY PRZEDSIĘBIORSTW - PRZEGLĄD TEORII

Abstract

The article gives a survey of economy and management theories from the point of view of a lack in adapting abilities of enterprises. First of all, this problem does manifest itself in: lack of compatibility between particular parts of an enterprise, faulty or tardy recognition of exigences that surround a given business subject in its operations, or - finally - in inadequate or ineffective activity aimed at correction of misfunctionning. The cause o f such troubles looks differently in view o f various theories. For instance, a disparity in access to information is being stressed (conf.: F. H. Knight’s profit theory): it can be a source of a rise or of a crash of an enterprise. Lack of adaptability can also be a result of bad allocation of own transactions of an enterprise (theory of transactions costs), of internal interests conflict (behavioural theories), or - of structural inertion of a given subject (theories of populations’ ecology). The expected answer to such an inadaptability should be a shift operated in activity of the enterprise. Depending on the kind o f problem experienced by the organisation, its repair programme can be a form of operational or strategic shift. Post-socialistic enterprises do experience quite particular kind of inadaptability. Thoroughly changed real conditions make many of them forced to operate a shift of compound character where a need exist to make their domain more attractive and, in the same time, to render the potential used in a more flexible and effective way. As far as effective operating of changes in an enterprise, not only post-socialistic one, is concerned — the ways of managing a shift as shown in the article can be helpful, as well as theories of crisis management and, finally, instructions given by researchers from the “excellence literature” trend.