Browsing by Author "Panek, Sylwia"
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Item Artysta, sztuka i społeczeństwo. Spory i polemiki wokół Confiteor Stanisława Przybyszewskiego(2019) Sobieraj, Tomasz; Panek, SylwiaArtist, Art and Society: The Brouhaha around Przybyszewski’s Confiteor Stanisław Przybyszewski’s famous manifesto Confiteor, published in 1899 in the Kraków literary periodical ‘Życie’, evoked the most incandescent exchanges of views in the annals of Polish literary criticism. Its author, aspiring to the heights of a latter day coryphaeus among Polish modernists, formulated a programme aimed polemically at the prevailing concept of native literature – one freeing the artist from the constraints of all obligations without, placing art at the giddy level of the metaphysical absolute. Opponents of Przybyszewski were outraged in particular by the Confiteor thesis of the amoral and irrational nature of creativity, whose animus was to become the famous ‘naked soul’, considered to be the essence of being. Przybyszewski’s manifesto was supported by some modernist critics, foremost Jerzy Żuławski and to a lesser degree, Ignacy Matuszewski. On the other hand, Confiteor was vociferously opposed by positivists such as Piotr Chmielowski and conservatists of the ilk of Jan Pawelski and Teodor Jeske-Choiński. Many no doubt that Przybyszewski’s cassus belli fulfilled the role of his generation’s most singular supplication.Item Barbarzyńcy, klasycyści i inni. Spory o młodą poezję w latach 90(Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk, 2018) Jaworski, Marcin; Panek, SylwiaThe publication presents the most important fragments of literary discourse devoted to the NGP (New Generation Poets) in the period from the decline of Communist Poland to the end of the 20th century. Polemics in respect to poetry were one of the most vital phenomena of literary creation and associated cultural fabric of the 1990’s. The introduction outlines the emerging presence and establishment of poetry after 1989 in Polish and Western literature in the 20th century. It also offers a commentary on the crossing of swords among and between poets and literary critics, among others on aesthetics, and the conscious building by the NGP of their own, other tradition, for this poetry. Further, there is a discussion on the provenance and dichotomy (in literary criticism) of rhetoric pertaining to barbarians-classicists, which became a popular matrix for characterising the latest poetry. The polemics thus presented on poetry after 1989 came to be written into the history of Polish modern literature as both a vivid and vital part of its final chapter.Item Dwa głosy o sztuce: Klaczko i Norwid(Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk, 2009) Nowicka, Elzbieta; Kuczyńska, Katarzyna; Panek, SylwiaItem Estetyka „zdrowego rozsądku”?(Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk, 2020) Budrewicz, Tadeusz; Okulicz-Kozaryn, Radosław; Panek, SylwiaThe study discusses the polemic over the criteria and nature of realism in art. In 1885 Bolesław Prus criticized the means of determining values in art based on the categories of ideas because it defies common sense. Wiktor Gomulicki in turn, refuted the cognitive bases of realism. In this context, both sides advanced arguments for and against the concept of the ideal in art – taking as their palette of theories that of the aesthetic according to Hippolyte Taine and Eugène Véron. The brouhaha of 1885 saw a climax of polemics and the cut and thrust of opinions that concerned naturalism in literature, the historic in painting, painterly impressionism as well as that of monumental and allegoric art. The canvas upon which the war of words was waged concerned writers and painters grouped around the weekly Wędrowiec who campaigned for their manifesto, the polemic between Stanisław Witkiewicz and Henryk Struve on the meaning of colour and light in painting and the nation-wide discussion that ensued from the competition for a monument to the Polish bard Adam Mickiewicz. The most significant voices of polemic were published in the Warsaw press of the time and moreover, the echo of positions taken resounded throughout the breadth and width of Poland. Casting a glance as it were back to the polemic of 1885 affords one the opportunity to deepen and broaden discussion of what may be said to be a milestone in anti-positivist movements in the related arts of that period.Item Irzykowski wobec futurystów(Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk, 2024) Panek, Sylwia; Panek, SylwiaKarol Irzykowski’s polemic with the Futurists took place in 1921–1924 on the pages of Ponowa, Robotnik, Ilustrowany Tygodnik Codzienny, Wiadomości Literackie, Zwrotnica, Gazeta Polska and Futurist ‘Occaisonals’. Irzykowski’s directly formulated polemical arguments against the Futurists focus on the accusation of plagiarism and abandonment of tradition. This makes impossible, according to the critic, the realisation of the so-called new – a declaration only, by the Futurists of their plans – that in reality was just a sham (originality). A deeper analysis of Irzykowski’s polemic with Bruno Jasieński, Anatol Stern and Stefan Gacki shows that the critic’s intention is not so much as to oppose crossing the line in respect to positioning art against life – a source of Futurists’ irritation – but that of the direction and autonomy of literature.Item „Jazgot niewieści” i „męskie kasztele”. Z dziejów sporu o literaturę kobiecą w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym(Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk, 2010) Krajewska, Joanna; Panek, SylwiaItem Między idealizmem i naturalizmem. Jana Gnatowskiego i Józefa Kotarbińskiego dyskusja o modelu literatury i krytyki nowoczesnej(Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk, 2023) Jauksz, Marcin; Panek, SylwiaThe book presents the debate on the meaning of realism and naturalism for European and Polish literature. Jan Gnatowski’s 1878 study O realizmie w literaturze nowoczesnej (On Realism in Modern Literature) is a fundamental, though marked worldview, analysis of French 19th c. novels – from Musset, through Balzac and Flaubert, up to Daudet and Zola. This conservative attempt at analysis met with strong opposition from the positivist camp – its chief proponent being Józef Kotarbiński, who in 1879 published the article Wstecznictwo w krytyce literackiej (Backwardness in Literary Criticism). This edition contains the complete reprint of these two texts together with a commentary that shows Gnatowski, although strong in his judgments, reads texts ideologically foreign to him carefully – even with a certain fascination. Kortabiński when defending realism’s right to exist, however, approaches these uncompromising stories with a marked distance.Item Między „blaskiem duchowej prawdy” a „sprawami państwa współczesnego”. Spór o „czystą poezję” (1938/1939)(Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk, 2023) Antoniuk, Mateusz; Panek, SylwiaIn 1938 two literary manifests appeared in the columns of the press – one by Ludwik Fryde titled: Dwa pokolenia (Two Generations) and the other by Czesław Miłosz: Kłamstwo dzisiejszej „poezji” (The Lie of Today’s ‘Poetry’). The former proposes the thesis that poetry has the right to be autonomous and be free from responsibilities such as presenting reality beyond the text itself, propagating ideas, expressing emotions and thoughts of the artist. The latter, on the contrary, opined that poetry should not look inwards towards its own self; rather it has the task to formulate points of view and demonstrate the author’s personality. Shortly thereafter, either by way of polemic or agreement, more than a dozen literary critics responded to both, mainly of the younger generation. Thus a constellation of critical texts was created, one focused around the motto of ‘unsullied poetry’. This publication therefore presents the above-mentioned discussion by means of a study and an accompanying essay on literary history.Item Miłosz wobec Brzozowskiego. O "Człowieku wśród skorpionów..." i nie tylko(2012) Panek, SylwiaThe aim of the author of the article is to investigate Miłosz’s relation to Stanisław Brzozowski. Proceeding from the interpretation of Miłosz’s Człowiek wśród skorpionów..., and diagnosing his personal motivation for turning to Brzozowski’s works in 1963, the author investigates the avenues of dialogue between Miłosz and Brzozowski, and their unsystematically expresses common points. The article, thus, presents various stages of influence of Brzozowski’s work and ideas on Miłosz: from the 1930s, when Miłosz was inspired by Brzozowski’s left-wing fanaticism, through the common opposition against anti-intellectualism and the Polish identity understood as a set of Romantic symbols and gestures, up to the fascination with Russian culture and Marxism. The deepest affinity of both authors seems to be the attitude of anthropocentrism, identified and exposed by Miłosz himself, and understood as hostility towards nature and belief in nature’s determinism, but also as a formula that gives coherence to the philosophical themes, found in both authors’ work, which are thought to be polarised and incompatible. In the conclusion, the author of the article states that positioning himself with reference to Brzozowski was, for Miłosz, a tool of self-creation, an attempt to control the reception and interpretation of his own work, and to place Miłosz in a separate and exceptional position, akin to the position of Brzozowski, the extraordinary and unrecognized philosopher and critic of Polish early modernism.Item Mosty Karola Irzykowskiego(Poznańskie Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Nauk, 2019) Panek, SylwiaItem My i Wy? Spór o kształt poezji pomiędzy pokoleniem ’68 a pokoleniami wcześniejszymi(Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk, 2024) Misiak, Iwona; Panek, SylwiaThe polemic between the generation of ’68 and earlier generations, such as those of ‘Współczesność’ and ‘Hybrydy’, concerned the nature of poetry and its relation to reality. This collection of texts from the period 1967–1975 presents various driving forces for polemics as well as the intensity of intergenerational discussions, cultural climate of the era and oppressiveness of cultural policy in the People’s Republic of Poland. The participants in those events not only entered into vigorous discussion, they also often collaborated; influencing the intriguing, diverse shape of poetry and meta-poetic reflection. The anthology includes texts by established New Wave writers and representatives of older generations, as well as still lesser-known New Wave authors. Two events stand out in the course of these discussions: The 9th Kłodzko Poetic Spring and the subsequent poetic dialogue between Zbigniew Herbert and Ryszard Krynicki. These stories illustrate the dynamics of polemics in which the manifestation and confrontation of differing ideas leads to a mutual and creative understanding.Item Młodopolski spór o Sienkiewicza. Kampania oskarżycielska „Głosu” i reakcje obrońców Litwosa(Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk, 2020) Fiołek, Krzysztof; Panek, SylwiaThe work presents the polemical campaign of progressive Warsaw journalists against Sienkiewicz, one that played out in 1903 on the columns of the weekly Głos. The polemic presented their functions not only in respect to Literary Studies. It was also an integral part of the polemic over the assessment of the nobility’s heritage as well as a source of questions on a new formula of Polish identity – one viewed in terms of psychology, esthetics, life style and social organisation. The anthology contains both the texts of those attacking and defending Sienkiewicz, calls to uphold fundamental principles and to honour God and country, as well as that of pamphlets and libelous pasquinades.Item „Pan Tadeusz” po angielsku. Spory wokół wydania i przekładu(Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk, 2018) Budrewicz, Aleksandra; Panek, SylwiaThis publication is devoted to numerous polemics and discussion that accompanied the English translation of Pan Tadeusz by Adam Mickiewicz (1885). The translator was Maude Ashurst Biggs (1857–1933), an English woman, fascinated in the literature and culture of Poland. The introduction discusses the life of Biggs, the role of Edmund S. Naganowski in the completion of the translation, attempts at the time by Michał Dziewicki to translate this work by Mickiewicz and the role of William Richard Morfill. The principal part of the study is an anthology of articles that arose on the occasion of the above-mentioned polemics. Reviews of the translation from the Polish press and that from abroad were also included. The texts from the press that were reprinted in this publication concern foremost all of the polemics around the publication of the discussion. Other texts discuss the controversy around the translation. Several fragments of the correspondence of M. Biggs that appeared in Kronika Rodzinna were included as well.Item Polemika wokół „Pułtawy” i „Jagiellonidy”, czyli oświeceniowy spór o kształt eposu(Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk, 2019) Kwiatkowska, Agnieszka; Panek, SylwiaThe Polemic around Jagiellonida and Pułtawa: Enlightenment Controversy on The Nature of The Epic Genre In the 18th century the convention of the literary epic underwent radical changes. These were responsible for numerous episodes of discussion in regard to among others, the chronological distance of events described and the nature of the function of fantasy. The most renowned literary critics entered the fray (in Poland among others, Filip Neriusz Golański, Franciszek Ksawery Dmochowski and Ignacy Krasicki). Leading Polish writers in turn, created new epics, fusing traditions of the Antique World with that of innovative literary devices. Critical-literary opinions in regard to particular works can be seen to be part of the broad polemic in respect to this genre convention. Literary reception at the time to these particular works (Pułtawa by Nikodem Muśnicki and Jagiellonida by Dyzma Bończa Tomaszewski) provides a critical portrayal and undertakes the most vital issues concerning the genre per se.Item Powieściowe obrachunki. Spory wokół rewolucji artystycznej w prozie lat 70. i 80. XX wieku(Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk, 2024) Kozicka, Dorota; Panek, SylwiaThe dispute over the ‘artistic revolution’ in Polish prose of the 1970s and 1980s would appear to be of interest and importance not only from a historical-literary perspective, but also because of its contemporary resonance. The traditions and moments of rift, conflict and agreeance, the nexus between the marginal and the central, all allow to see clearly the historical and political tensions underlying the expectations and realisations of Polish prose. They also make bold the transformations of critical consciousness and the (changing) positions from which critics speak about the possibilities and obligations of literature. A reconstruction of the discussion that took place over two decades makes it possible to see how the literary ‘critical camps’ (conventionally known as the ‘Warsaw School’, centred around Henryk Bereza, and the ‘Kraków School’ under the patronage of Jan Błoński) were formed, and what slings and arrows each drew against the other. Above all, this was a multifaceted polemic involving, among others, questions on the relationship between language and reality, questions on the truth and commitment of literature, as well as the need to revise principle notions and an attempt to establish literary authorities and models. It is impossible therefore to discuss Polish literature of the 1970s and 1980s without reference to this polemic, just as it is impossible to (reliably) discuss the history of Polish prose without a return to those particular literary ‘projects’ and achievements.Item „Powinna być nieufnością”. Nowofalowy spór o poezję(Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk, 2020) Pawelec, Dariusz; Panek, Sylwia‘Distrust Should Be Its Mission’. The New Wave Polemic Over Poetry The study undertakes the most important programme presentations from the period of the so-called ferment and tension (1967–1976) of pokolenie 68 (Nowa Fala) [Generation 68 (New Wave)] in Polish Poetry with poets such as Stanisław Barańczak, Adam Zagajewski, Julian Kornhauser and Krzysztof Karasek. The introduction outlines the circumstances tied to the beginnings of this generation’s awareness and subsequent crystallisation as well as the programme theses and polemics within Generation, as well as polemics with literary predecessors (Orientacja Hybrydy, pokolenia 56) [The Hybrid, Generation 56]. Source texts were chosen by dividing into 5 groups the collection of early manifestoes, important drafts of programmes and polemics, proven diagnoses concerning the Generation’s situation and discussion on the so-called thesis on the world not represented – including the intra-Generational polemic over the value of Zbigniew Herbert’s poetry. Finally, completing the study, a discussion on the period of Generation 68’s development of polemic over the actualization of Tomas Mann’s Magic Mountain and it’s reception.Item Prus versus Świętochowski w sporze o naukowość, krytykę pozytywną i „Lalkę”(Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk, 2008) Sobieraj, Tomasz; Panek, SylwiaVolume I of the series Critical Literary Argument in Poland presents the genesis and history of an argument which was held in 1890 between the most prominent novelist of the period of positivism, Bolesław Prus, and a leading critic and ideologist of the camp of the positivists – Aleksander Świetochowski. The discussed argument touched upon several spheres: the ideological questions, the concept of positivist science, critical literary issues as well as the literary output of Prus, primarily his novel Lalka (“The Doll”).Item Romantyczne zmagania z przeszłością(Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk, 2024) Junkiert, Maciej; Panek, SylwiaThe book contains three selected articles by Kazimierz Brodziński, Jan Śniadecki and Maurycy Mochnacki, accompanied by critical commentaries and an introductory essay. The above mentioned played a key role in the so-called struggle between the Romantics and the Classicists. The publications of the former between 1818 and 1825 were linked to the birth of Romanticism in Polish literature and the departure from neo-classical aesthetics. The polemic was both generational and political, while the discussion of literary topics in the Polish press was subject to the rules of censorship, and concerned not only literary matters but also the question of whether Polish culture belonged to particular circles of European civilisation. The aim of this publication is to place the articles in the context of the artistic and historical disputes of the era, and to a lesser extent those that took place in the national arena, as this has already been outlined in detail. The focus will be, in the main, on contexts drawn from German language and culture. The starting point here is the relationship between Kazimierz Brodziński’s work and the critical output of Johann Gottfried Herder, followed by articles from Śniadecki and Mochnacki, as to how Herder and Brodziński praised or denied the rightfulness of drawing on and subsequently imitating foreign literatures.Item Spór o Borowskiego(Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk, 2018) Krupa, Bartłomiej; Panek, SylwiaThe polemic at the turn of 1947 caused by Tadeusz Borowski’s pamphlet Alicja w krainie czarów [Alice in Wonderland] (Pokolenie 1947, nr 1) raised the portcullis to the annals of Polish post-war prose. To the defence of Zofia Kossak-Szczucka, author of Z otchłani [Out of the Abyss], took arms several literary critics of Catholic provenance while in turn their shields did raise for the neophyte writer, well known pens from literary periodicals such as Kuźnica or Odrodzenie. Soon however, the exchange of blows reached beyond the very issue of diction in writing on concentration camps or indeed, Marxist-Catholic wars waged across ideology. The cause itself raised questions on the very nature of prose. More so, lines were drawn across its literary essence (obligation and tasks of literature), theoretical nature (status of the narrator and their obligations towards the author), historical role (social attitudes during World War II and the period of Stalinism) and finally, the moral question (nihilism and the ethical responsibility of the creative artist). This author therefore discusses respectively three stages of The Polemic Over Borowski; the 1940s, the 1970s and discussion that has arisen since the 1980s. This literary chronology testifies to the “long extent” of the debate and its continued relevance, proof of the everlasting endurance of national myths, which the neophyte writer was to question in the yester beginnings of modern Polish prose.Item Spór o Borowskiego(2018) Krupa, Bartłomiej; Panek, SylwiaThe polemic at the turn of 1947 caused by Tadeusz Borowski’s pamphlet Alicja w krainie czarów [Alice in Wonderland] (Pokolenie 1947, nr 1) raised the portcullis to the annals of Polish post-war prose. To the defence of Zofia Kossak-Szczucka, author of Z otchłani [Out of the Abyss], took arms several literary critics of Catholic provenance while in turn their shields did raise for the neophyte writer, well known pens from literary periodicals such as Kuźnica or Odrodzenie. Soon however, the exchange of blows reached beyond the very issue of diction in writing on concentration camps or indeed, Marxist-Catholic wars waged across ideology. The cause itself raised questions on the very nature of prose. More so, lines were drawn across its literary essence (obligation and tasks of literature), theoretical nature (status of the narrator and their obligations towards the author), historical role (social attitudes during World War II and the period of Stalinism) and finally, the moral question (nihilism and the ethical responsibility of the creative artist). This author therefore discusses respectively three stages of The Polemic Over Borowski; the 1940s, the 1970s and discussion that has arisen since the 1980s. This literary chronology testifies to the “long extent” of the debate and its continued relevance, proof of the everlasting endurance of national myths, which the neophyte writer was to question in the yester beginnings of modern Polish prose.