Browsing by Author "Piasna, Barbara"

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • Item
    Powstanie i rozwój instytucjonalnych form ochrony interesów konsumenta w Polsce Ludowej
    (Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 1971) Piasna, Barbara
    Protection of the consumer's interests is needed also in the socialistic system as a consequence of commodity production under the conditions of socialistic economy. However, the main cause of prejudicing the consumer's interests in the producer and seller's market, particularly in the initial phase of constructing the foundations of socialism. In those conditions the consumer may be exposed to a financial loss and in particular to a disadventageous spending of his pecuniary means. He may be forced by the circumstances to buy commodities that meet his requirements either incompletely or in the wrong way. On the other hand the condition of the producer and seller's market are favourable to speculations, frauds of various kind and other law-breaking activities. For that reason the state constitutes supervising bodies and improves means and methods of securing the consumer's interests. For that purpose also commissions for preventing speculations and malpractice, institutions for supervising quality, the State Inspection of Commerce and other institutions are brought into existence. The state issues a number of legal regulations in order to protect material interests of the consumer. Special campaigns and actions in this field are encouraged by the state and taken by trade-unions and various social organizations. In consequence the system of institutional forms for protecting the consumer in Poland preserves him from purchasing low quality goods more and more effectively, protects him against facts of speculation, creates easier and improved terms of purchase and brings about anticipation of his requierements.
  • Item
    Przejawy i następstwa naruszania interesów konsumenta w obrocie towarowym
    (Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 1973) Piasna, Barbara
    The writer of the article takes for granted that both the state interest and the individual consumer's interest should be safeguarded in the socialistic economy. In practice, however, the consumer's interests are directly or indirectly interfered with. In the broad sense his interests may be affected when there is a disproportion between demand and supply of goods and services, a hidden and unfounded rise of prices, inadequate development or location of retail units, etc. The consumer's interest can be also affected when he is shopping if the quality of the goods is not reflected in their price, if the consumer gets a smaller quantity of goods than he has required and paid for, if the price charged for the goods is higher than the list price, if low-grade goods are sold at te price of higher - -grade goods or if the outstanding amount of money for the separate items and the whole transaction are miscalculated. All activities of that type interfere directly with the consumer's interest. The consumer's interests are indirectly affected in the sphere of the processing industry and merchandise turnover when a surplus of raw materials and goods is obtained on purpose and sold on somebody's own account, when goods of unknown origin are introduced to the socialized trade turnover, when abuses take place at non-market sales, when lower-grade goods are produced because fewer raw materials have been used in manufacture than specified in the material consumption standards and technological recipes. All the cases of direct and indirect interference with the consumer's interests cause deviation from the planned directions of economic development, they depart from the principles of socialistic distribution of national income and hinder the bettering of the living standard of the community at large. Therefore it is necessary to punish severely the persons who commit crimes and to improve means of protecting the state interests and the individual consumer's interests.