Filozofia Publiczna i Edukacja Demokratyczna, 2013, Tom 2 Nr 2
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Browsing Filozofia Publiczna i Edukacja Demokratyczna, 2013, Tom 2 Nr 2 by Subject "constitution"
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Item Charakter władzy suwerennej w koncepcjach ładu konstytucyjnego Hansa Kelsena i Carla Schmitta(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Instytutu Filozofii, 2013) Kaleta, Krzysztof J.; Koźmiński, KrzysztofThe purpose of this article is to review the controversy between two, potentially most influential legal theorists in 20th century, Hans Kelsen and Carl Schmitt. Their philosophical concepts: Schmittian decisionism and Kelsenian normativism, were based on different assumptions, leading their authors to variant practical conclusions. It is reasonable to infer that the differences in their visions of constitutional order were deeply rooted in different intellectual traditions – not only political (Kelsen’s involvement in defense of liberal democracy unlike Carl Schmitt, whose conservative attitude and critique of liberalism led to support totalitarian state and extreme right-wing ideology), but also theological (pantheistic idea of God and fideism; conflict between rationality and faith). So from this perspective „Pure theory of law” can be seen as pantheistic political theology, because „pantheism overcomes the opposition of God and World; the Pure Theory of Law accordingly overcomes the opposition of State and Law”. On the other hand legal philosophy of Carl Schmitt is inspired by the Roman Catholic theological concept of the miracle, whereby God is free from the laws of nature – and in consequence – the sovereign is not bound by the law and may decide exceptions to it.Item Normatywizacja tożsamości zbiorowej w preambułach do konstytucji państw postkomunistycznych(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Instytutu Filozofii, 2013) Młynarska-Sobaczewska, AnnaPreambles are parts of constitutions, which are visibly neglected in legal theory and constitutional law. They are defined as solemn introductions to constitutions, which indicate the sovereign, historical and political context of increasing the new constitutional order, main aims and principles – the foundation of constitution. Such elements are also commonly apparent in most of post-communist constitutions of European states. The article shows the integrative function of these preambles, achieved by using clauses creating and maintaining the identity of political community. The clauses with this function are identified as: statements regarding national and cultural heritage, declaration of sovereign as people or nation, and expression of common aims and fundamental principles of community. The article investigates these elements in texts of preambles to post-communist constitutions and indicates their role as tending to create the national identity.