Czasopismo Prawno-Historyczne, 2010, z. 2
Permanent URI for this collection
Browse
Browsing Czasopismo Prawno-Historyczne, 2010, z. 2 by Subject "Królestwo Polskie"
Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item Adwokatura w Królestwie Polskim w latach 1876-1918.(Wydawnictwo Poznańskie sp. z o.o., 2010) Materniak-Pawłowska, MałgorzataIn 1876 the reform of the Russian judicial system of 1864 was implemented, with certain amendments, also in the Kingdom of Poland. As of that date, the Bar in the Kingdom was given a completely new organisational form. Its former 3-tier hierarchical organisation was replaced with a 1-tier institution of sworn advocates. The effects of those changes were clearly visible in the altered role of a barrister in a trial. On the positive side, the more stringent requirements before the candidates wishing to be accepted to the Bar ensured an overall better quality of legal service. The negative consequences were, among others, the Russian language becoming the official language of judicial proceedings. Moreover, between 1876 and 1918 the Bar in the Kingdom of Poland was closely controlled by the authorities of the Russian Empire and no form of Polish self-governing body was allowed in it. Despite those restrictions, the Bar remained largely Polish and the profession of the sworn barrister in the Kingdom of Poland was performed mainly by the Polish lawyers. However, the conditions of work remained harsh, which prompted barristers, especially during World War I, to pursue many varied tasks for the community, aimed, in the long run, at creating a platform for the barristers to collaborate on different levels and to eventually develop into a professional group. The barristers associated in the Bar of the Kingdom of Poland authored the main draft of the new law on barristers and their appointments, effective as a temporary solution from 1 January 1919. A new era of the Bar began.Item Reforma szlachectwa w Królestwie Polskim w latach 1836-1861.(Wydawnictwo Poznańskie sp. z o.o., 2010) Demidowicz, TomaszThe reform of the nobility in the Kingdom of Poland carried out between 1836 and 1861 by the Russian Empire controlling its part of Partitioned Poland constituted an element of a wider plan to transform its social and legal systems in order to bring the structure of the Polish society closer to the Russian one. This plan was part of the anti-Polish policy of the Russian Empire adopted after the defeat of the November Uprising 1830/31 the objective of which was to ‘build a united nation of Russians and Poles’. As a result of the reform, the number of Polish nobles was reduced from 300,000 in 1830 to 84,800 in 1861, when the nobility accounted only for 17% of the total population of the Kingdom of Poland. The reform was originally planned for two years but actually lasted 25 years. Following the Russian model, the hereditary as well as personal (life) title was introduced. This principle was overtly contrary to the spirit of the Organic Statute of 1832 and infringed the rule of equality before law, undermining at the same time the integrity of the civil and criminal codes binding in the Kingdom of Poland. It also opened doors to corruption and numerous instances of bribery, costing the State Treasury 1,800,000 roubles. The reform was perceived by Poles as yet another act of repression of the Russian Empire after the fall of the November Uprising.