Przegląd Politologiczny, 2022, nr 4
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Item Economic Empowerment Through Community Village(Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa UAM, 2022) Yusnita, Vera; Tresiana, Novita; Meutia, Intan FitriThe Nusantara Tangguh village is a program initiated by the Indonesian National Police to reduce the spread of COVID-19 in the community, gradually restoring economic conditions. The governance must stabilize the Economic conditions, and it is necessary to empower the community and micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs). This research is a type of qualitative research using a case study approach. The purpose of the study was to determine the implementation of the Nusantara Tangguh village policy with the Penthahelix model and economic changes in Pinang Jaya Village, Kemiling District. The results of the research on the performance of the Nusantara’s Tangguh village policy were carried out by five stakeholders, namely academics, business, community, government, and media, as well as economic changes for micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) and the community so that economic empowerment carried out by stakeholders went well.Item Democracy and Freedom in Turbulent Times. Poland’s Membership of the European Union as the Final Process of Integration after 1989(Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa UAM, 2022) Janecki, Andrzej; Sługocki, WaldemarEvery country has symbolic dates in its history. The necessary political, social, and economic transformation after 1989 required costly changes. The prospect, and then the realization of Poland’s aspiration to become a member of the European Union has turned us from a former Soviet-influenced bloc country into a fully-fledged member of the European family. All thanks to May 1, 2004. Since then, this date has been the foundation, and a new chapter in Poland’s recent history. Poland has confidently entered a new political, economic, and, above all, civilizational space. The aim of the article was to show the way to this important event which changed Poland’s place in Europe forever.Item Parliamentary Elections in Latvia in the Year 2022(Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa UAM, 2022) Maluzinas, MartinasThe present article covers parliamentary elections in the Republic of Latvia. An analysis of the conduct and institutional conditions of the 2022 parliamentary elections in Latvia is undertaken. Unlike the previous elections in 2018, there were no radical changes in Latvia. It was only two new parties with radical, populist, conservative, Eurosceptic and anti-systemic profiles with a right-wing orientation that managed to enter the Parliament. The party system remained moderately fragmented with a balance between the parties. A centre-right coalition formed the government and it is this coalition that the future government coalition will be formed around. The present analysis is based on a case study, which made it possible to look at a particular case and to draw conclusions about the conduct and outcome of the Latvian parliamentary elections.Item Institutionalization of Media Market in Greek Political System(Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa UAM, 2022) Knopek, JacekThe article points to the process of the institutionalization of the Greek media market. This process began to take shape after the country’s accession to the European structures, i.e. after 1981. Successively since the late 1980s, it has been shaped based on new initiatives, forms and activities. However, this process is not yet completed due to the changes that have taken place over the last decade. At that time, the members of the National Broadcasting Council, for procedural reasons related to the mode of appointment to this Council, were unable to grant or renew broadcasting licences, which led to a media crisis. In addition, the Greek state was on the brink of solvency due to the condition of its finances. The new government created another media related institution, this time the General Secretariat for Information and Communication, which reported directly to the Prime Minister, and its aim was to control the press, radio and television market. Apart from the leading institutions, supporting bodies are also responsible for the Greek media market. To a large extent, they (such as ministries or central offices like the Telecommunications and Postal Commission) existed much earlier and some media powers were handed over to them to assist the leading institutions in fulfilling their functions. Outside of this area, there was content disseminated on the Internet, which came under the control of a special unit established within the police structures.Item Prepared for the SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus? In Search of the Determinants of the Reaction to the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic – the Case of Warsaw and Stockholm(Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa UAM, 2022) Glinka, KamilThe article deals with the activity of municipal self-government administration during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the article is to answer the question about the factors determining the reaction to the so-called first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic which was experienced by the municipal self-government administration of the two European cities: Warsaw (“hard” reaction) and Stockholm (“soft” reaction). Due to the hypothesis that the predictive and responsive potential of the municipal self-government administration of Warsaw and Stockholm differentiates their reaction to the so-called first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, it was decided to use several research methods: comparative analysis, analysis of legal acts, analysis of statistical data and elements of system analysis. The conducted research proves that it is difficult to indicate the relationship between the predictive and responsive potential of the municipal self-government administration of Warsaw and Stockholm and its reaction to the so-called first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The sources of the difference in this reaction should therefore be sought in other factors.Item Political Leaders on the COVID-19 Pandemic: Analysis of the Sejm Discourse(Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa UAM, 2022) Hartliński, Maciej; Klepański, JakubUtterances of political leaders participating in a parliamentary debate, especially in crisis situations, are of exceptional significance. The aim of the study is to analyse positions and declarations of political leaders towards the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland as regards politicians’ speeches made in the Sejm. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed on 504 speeches made by chairpersons of parties and parliamentary clubs and circles. The analysis showed that the issue of COVID-19, although it was the most important problem for Poles for many months, did not receive as much attention from political leaders in the Sejm. The leaders of opposition groups criticised the government and called for action. In contrast, the leaders of ruling parties’ coalition did not actively participate in the Sejm discourse.Item François Jullien and the Methodological Viewpoint Presented in his Detour and Access. Strategies of Meaning in China and Greece. Hermeneutical Perspective(Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa UAM, 2022) Szymczyński, Tomasz R.François Jullien’s Detour and Access. Strategies of Meaning in China and Greece may be interpreted as an interesting example of the methodological challenge that arises around the question: to what extent does a specific strategy of meaning (stratégie du sens) taken as the subject of research influences the form and content of the results of this research? In addition, this may be viewed backward as well: to what extent a specific assumption regarding the form and content of research may affect its results? From this point of view, it is worth noting two fundamental tasks that constitute almost continuously double-intertwined obstacles in the narrative attempts of the Chinese cultural area. On the one hand, frequently observable chains of different proposals of translations of words and sentences. On the other hand, the presence of different strategies of meaning, which, in a way that is often not easy to grasp, influence the shape of “what” and “how” had been said, suggested, or maintained unexpressed at all. In this context, Jullien emphasizes the difference between “the word as definition” (la parole de définition) characteristic of the mainstream of Western culture and “the word as indication” (la parole indicielle), which the French philosopher attributes to articulations frequently occurring in the space of Chinese culture. Thus, there is a difference here within strategies that articulate meaning, which extends between what is general, and therefore abstract or abstracted, and what is holistic, and therefore constituting an inseparable unity. So, on the one hand, we are dealing with “knowing”, on the other hand, with “realizing”. This distinction underlines an extremely important challenge in the field of methodology, which should direct our attention to issues related solely to the scientific and philosophical thought devoted to human beings, and which is particularly clearly present with such attempts of interpretations at cross-cultural and multilingual insights.Item Postal Voting In the 2020 Presidential Election – How Did Electoral Participation Evolved During the COVID-19 Pandemic?(Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa UAM, 2022) Musiał-Karg, MagdalenaIssues related to electoral participation are extremely complex, not least because of the different approaches of researchers to the issue. The COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to specialists, lawyers, political scientists addressing the issue of electoral participation in the context of public health risks and the implementation of the principle of universality of elections. In order to provide greater guarantee of the principle of universality, many countries are introducing additional forms of voting in elections other than voting at the polling station. Postal voting is one of the alternative voting methods that appears to be the most popular in terms of participation in elections. It exists in different forms in different countries. In Poland, in 2020, there were attempts to implement all-postal voting at first, and then – after the second elections were held – it was decided to use hybrid voting. The aim of this article is to analyze the Polish experience with postal voting in 2020 in the context of the implementation of this tool during the pandemic.Item Police In-Between Apoliticality and Politicality(Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa UAM, 2022) Bäcker, RomanThe paper aims to construct a theoretical tool that allows for possible precise location of relations between the police and the ruling elite in a given country. Their relationship is between the ideal types of apoliticality and politicality. The five stages of the relationship between the ruling elite and the bureaucracy on a continuum between the ideal type of the apolitical Weberian bureaucracy and its antinomic ideal type of politicised system of patronage can be arranged as follows: self-regulation, personal independence, uncertainty, loyalty, and enhanced loyalty. The empirical usefulness test of these stages scheme consisting in the case study of one state characterised by a large range of autocratic and democratic regimes evolution (thus post-war Poland) was positive. Relations between the police, or more precisely: the Citizens’ Militia, in the period of the Polish People’s Republic can be defined as being at the stage of enhanced, double loyalty. In the period of the Third Polish Republic, relations between the police and the ruling elites can be placed at the fourth stage – loyalty. The few attempts to change this type of relationship and move to the stage of self-regulation or personal independence remained at the level of ineffective and temporary attempts at best.