Socjologiczna charakterystyka grupy nieformalnej
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Date
1985
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Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM
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Sociological characteristics of an informal group
Abstract
The article attempts at presentation of the sociological characteristics of an
informal group based on a different concept of understanding groups of that type.
The first part of the work presents a general theoretical outline of the social
group and is intended to prepare a reader to detailed discussion of the informal
group. The second part contains the author's proposition of understanding the
notion of "informal group". He maintains that informal groups functioning e.g.
in the workplace have to be treated as a common type of a social group which
relation to the formal structure and formal organisation requirements becomes
a trait facilitating the location of that social group in reality of the defined
organisation and not a trait of the exceptional or pejorative character. Not all
groups — in the author's opinion — constituted beyond the structure or formal
organisation of the workplace become informal groups, for the character of that
informality is decisive. Groups constituted beyond the structure or formal organisation
can be divided in the following way: 1) non formalized groups — these
are sets of persons acting on a base of rules which were formalised by noone,
as there was no need of formalizing of all spheres of reality in the given organisation
e.g. the workplace. These groups are in no relation to formal provisions.
They are not to be considered as a counterproposal to other formal group
as there are neither rules nor formal groups related to their activities. Their
character is not linked with formal organisation and its material goals, remaining
directly indifferent to it. The example of non formalized group is a set of persons
of common interests of the hobby type meeting in the recreation room or in
the workplace cafeteria during intervals. 2) informal groups are the ones not provided
by the organisation and remaining in a defined relation which is substantial
for the formal organisation. In its activity they break or omit requirements of
the formal organisation. They form a sort of "opposition" to the formally existing
groups constitutiong the so-called real organisation of the workplace. Their activity
has an immediate effect on material tasks and goals of the organisation, it
can facilitate, hinder or bar their realisation. In further remarks the author characterises the informal group taking the
following criteria under consideration: stability of a group, number of members,
goals, rules of meimbers' recruitement, structure and leadership, character of
membership, etc. The article is concluded with the discussion utilising the typology
of social groups by L. R. Sayels to define differences between informal circles
and informal groups.
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Citation
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny 47, 1985, z. 3, s. 361-380