Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne, 2005, nr 2
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Item Anomia czasów transformacji – refleksje w perspektywie deprywacji potrzeby bezpieczeństwa osobistego i prawnego(2005) Torczyńska-Jarecka, MonikaThe article describes the phenomenon of anomy in a society undergoing cultural, political and economic transformations. In a period of rapid change this problem is particularly significant for Polish society, especially in the situation of a crisis of values and deep decomposition of a valid system of social, moral and legal norms. The collective sense (or lack of sense) of legal and personal safety determines social attitudes to a newly established political and legal order. Strong and long-lasting deprivation of the need for safety, characteristic of the present Polish reality, results in many different pathologies in the activities of individuals, and in a long-term perspective of non-individual aberrations, and in consequence in the state of anomy, which overwhelms the whole society.Item Granice społecznej tolerancji(2005) Oleksiuk, IngaThe Internet, a network covering the majority of the world, changes the way we create and exchange information. What is its potential to change the way people interact and express themselves? New media enable those with a particular interest to communicate with each other instantly, whatever the vehicle may be: chat lines, news groups, replies through email, or even browsing on each other’s web sites. Individuals interested in very specific and obscure research can interact with people focusing on the same subject in another part of the world in no time. This provokes fast changes of sociopolitical notions and a greater variety of human endeavors. Can this be regarded as a benefit to mankind? The author discusses the potential of new media to transgress the traditional boundaries. What are the values that will need to be re-evaluated? Are we closer to a multicultural dialogue or rather to intercultural conflicts? Tolerance and censorship seem to be at the center of the controversy.Item Wybrane zagadnienia prasy rolniczej na terenie Wielkopolski po 1945 roku i współcześnie(2005) Cholewa, KatarzynaThe paper presents social and political conditions affecting the emergence and existence of the agricultural press in Wielkopolska from the end of World War II to the opening of the iron curtain. The press which emerged after 1945 faced numerous prob lems ranging from technical difficulties related to the shortage of equipment and materials, to censorship. The presence of censorship was a consequence of the political situation of the country as the new governing party was unable to win social support for its activities and had to resort to indoctrination of society. Consequently, for many years the press served the main purpose of disinforming citizens and explaining government decisions. On the other hand, however, correspondence with the readers was a ‘litmus paper’ of the attitudes of rural society which helped to promote the undertaking of appropriate steps at the central level. The paper outlines censoring institutions and the scope of their operations. The opening of the iron curtain contributed to radical changes in the press market. It was no longer up to the state to decide what titles should be established and published, but to the mechanism of the free market. New editors had to adapt both the graphic aspect and content of their magazines to new standards in order to survive in the face of the inflow of attractive titles from the West. It is impossible to analyze the history of all agricultural magazines published in Wielkopolska since 1945, thus the paper focuses on two, significant ones. „Gromada – Rolnik Polski”[community – Polish farmer] was not an original Wielkopolska publication, but it can not be neglected in the presentation of the post-war agricultural press as it was the most popular magazine reaching practically every rural household. „Poradnik Gospodarski” [farmer’s guidebook], on the other hand, originated from Wielkopolska both geographically and ideologically, as since the very beginning it referred to the positivist ideals that were so popular in this region. Its publication was broken by German occu- pation, yet it was later resumed to continue until the present day.Item Internet a społeczeństwo otwarte(2005) Wieczorek, MarcinThe author questions the relations between two developmental aspects of a modern society based on the assumption that Poland faces the necessity of building an information society and an open society. In his opinion an information society cannot be created without the establishment and reinforcement of an open society which would provide the foundations and reference point for the information society. This is not possible unless the attitude to education and knowledge, including the knowledge of the media, changes, particularly in a society that needs to transform within two dimensions and evolve from a rural and industrial society to an information one and from a closed one to an open one. An information society may only be an open one provided that it offers alternative solutions to transactional society and its mass culture.Item Dziennikarskie formy sprawozdawczości sądowej(2005) Gill, NorbertThe author conducts a detailed analysis of the contemporary problems pertaining to the issue of reports from the courts of justice which are published in the press, and the announcements about crimes which assume particular importance due to the mass range of the media. Next to personal participation, such reports are an equally important form of executing the principle of public access to trial coverage (including public notification about the course and results of the matter judged). In the conclusion, the author refers to the remarks of judge A. Murzynowski, former President of the Su- preme Court Criminal Chamber, who is of the opinion that there is no justice without public access and since the press increases public access to the judiciary, such access to information should be provided in the course of the entire criminal proceedings as long as the rules of criminal procedure are observed. Thus the journalists have to conform to the procedural mode of Polish courts of justice and accept the consequent limitations.Item Ilościowe i jakościowe przeobrażenia prasy lokalnej w Polsce w latach 90. XX wieku(2005) Kowalczyk, RyszardThis paper analyzes the transformation of the Polish local press in the 1990’s. The author begins by outlining the situation of both the legal and the underground press in the 1980’s. He describes the political, social, economic and legal determiners of the transformation and the main factors affecting the changes of that time. Next he analyzes the quantitative growth in the number of titles, their frequency, circulation and range as well as the profiles of their publishers. Finally, he discusses the most significant aspects of transformation of the local press, including the issue of concentration and monopolization of the local press, competition between the publishers and the influence of technology and IT in particular on these media. The author also observes the adverse changes of the media related to the increasingly common brutality and vulgarity of the language.Item Pomarańczowa Rewolucja na Ukrainie z trockizmem w tle(2005) Donaj, Łukaszhe recent years of the Trotskyite movement have seen the intensification of two tendencies. The first one involves a new perception of the radical social demands made by the Trotskyite candidates in local, parliamentary and presidential elections. The other one involves the functional incorporation of a broad range of youth and alternative issues into the Trotskyite movement. Similar elements are also present in the program of the Ukrainian Union ‘Struggle’, established in 1999. The ‘Struggle’ shares the opinions on the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 and the reasons for its failure with all other Trotskyite organizations. It has also developed quite a detailed approach to the issue of Ukrainian independence and the Orange Revolution. In the opinion of Ukrainian Trotskyists V. Yushchenko and V. Yanukovych repre- sented the clans of oligarchs, who had the single aim of destroying the Ukrainian econ- omy by privatizing national property and stealing what the former government did not manage to take away from the nation. The choice was not between Europe and Russia but between American capital waving a European flag and American capital waving a Russian flag. The ‘Struggle’ assumes though that the Orange Revolution has brought advantages as well: the judiciary is trusted, the nation no longer dreads corrupted bureaucracy and political processes raise social interest. It is doubtful that the nearest future will bring any significant changes in the influence of the Trotskyite movement. It is possible, however, that it will manage to contribute new elements to the growing anti-globalist movement. In terms of the Ukrainian future it may be justifiably assumed that society will become ‘disappointed’ with the new government. Then, radical groups with clear views, such as Trotskyists, are likely to participate in the governmentItem Problemy wielokulturowości na Ukrainie(2005) Sobieraj, IwonaSince the proclamation of its independence Ukraine has been struggling with numerous serious social problems. They are partly inherited after the Soviet Union, but partly they reflect the processes emerging under the new social and political circumstances. The latter involve the growing social migration and particularly the migration of Crimean Tartars to the Crimea and the issues of appropriate ethnic relations between various ethnic groups in Ukraine. Both issues mainly concern the southern frontier of Ukraine and they are particularly intensive in the Crimea, which constitutes an Autonomous Republic of Ukraine. These processes create a highly complex national situation in the Crimea, which is outlined in the paper.