Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny, 2006, nr 1

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    Spis treści
    (Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 2006)
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    WSPOMNIENIE O PROF. DR. HAB. LECHU JANICKIM (1925-1998)
    (Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 2006) Marian Pospieszalski, Karol
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    PRZEGLĄD PIŚMIENNICTWA
    (Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 2006) Cholewa, Katarzyna
    Barbara Kunicka-Michalska, Przestępstwa przeciwko wolności seksualnej i obyczajności popełniane za pośrednictwem systemu informatycznego, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, Wrocław 2004, ss. 203.
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    PRZEGLĄD PIŚMIENNICTWA
    (Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 2006) Buttler, Dominik
    Brian Dolłery, Joe Wallis, The Political Economy of the Voluntary Sector. The Reappraisal of the Comparative Institutional Advantage of Voluntary Organizations, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK, Northampton 2003, ss. 190. Korzenie
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    PRZEGLĄD PIŚMIENNICTWA
    (Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 2006) Przybylska-Kapuścińska, Wiesława
    Euro a Jednolity Europejski Rynek Finansowy, część I, ss. 109; Jednolity Europejski Rynek Finansowy, część II, ss. 127, red. Joanna Żabińska, Wydawnictwo Akademii Ekonomicznej w Katowicach, Katowice 2004.
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    PRZEGLĄD PIŚMIENNICTWA
    (Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 2006) Szafrański, Wojciech
    Agnieszka Grzywacz, Obrót dziełami sztuki, Wydawnictwo Prawnicze LexisNexis, Warszawa 2004, ss. 185.
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    PRZEGLĄD PIŚMIENNICTWA
    (Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 2006) Grabowski, Paweł
    Agnieszka Grzywacz, Obrót dziełami sztuki, Wydawnictwo Prawnicze LexisNexis, Warszawa 2004, ss. 185.
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    PRZEGLĄD PIŚMIENNICTWA
    (Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 2006) Dopierała, Renata
    Joanna Braciak, Prawo do prywatności, Wydawnictwo Sejmowe, Warszawa, 2004, ss. 317; Marek Puwalski, Prawo do prywatności osób publicznych, Wydawnictwo „Dom Organizatora”, Toruń, 2003, ss. 216.
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    PRZEGLĄD PIŚMIENNICTWA
    (Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 2006) Kaźmierczyk, Stanisław
    Andrzej Redelbach, Prolegomena do nauk o człowieku, władzy i prawie, Toruń 2005, ss. 538.
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    ODPOWIEDŹ NA „UWAGI”
    (Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 2006) Krukowski, Józef
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    „NORMA SANKCJONOWANA W PRAWIE KARNYM...” - KILKA UWAG DO ARTYKUŁU ŁUKASZA POHLA
    (Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 2006) Patryas, Wojciech
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    NORMA SANKCJONOWANA W PRAWIE KARNYM JAKO PRZYKŁAD NORMY PRAWNEJ NIE BĘDĄCEJ NORMĄ POSTĘPOWANIA
    (Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 2006) Pohl, Łukasz
    The aim of the paper is a theoretical analysis of a legal concept proposed by Zygmunt Ziembiński that each legal norm is a norm of conduct. However, an analysis of norms the breach of which is sanctionable in penal law suggests that this concept needs a certain correction. Norms may be also breached by an unfree act or behaviour. Consequently, the criterion of free/unfree will, or free/unfree act should be considered in the sphere where blame, or guilt is determined rather than in the sphere formulating the criteria for norm-based, or norm-abiding conduct. The proposed correction is in line with the view in criminal law that a forbidden act is not conditioned by the occurrence of free will.
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    UWAGI W SPRAWIE „POLSKIEGO PRAWA WYZNANIOWEGO” KS. PROF. JÓZEFA KRUKOWSKIEGO
    (Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 2006) Borecki, Paweł
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    OPTYMALNA PROGRESJA PODATKOWA
    (Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 2006) Panek, Emil; Kliber, Paweł
    In this paper we try to find the optimal income tax system. The government must collect a certain amount of tax. The society consists of people with different wealth. The problem is to find an appropriate tax rate for every level of wealth so that the total social utility (measured as the sum of the personal utilities) is maximised. We consider two different tax models - a static one and a dynamic one. It turns out that the best tax system is progressive. However, if we consider its dynamics, we find that such a system should offer large tax reliefs for investments.
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    ZASADY PRAWA JAKO NORMATYWNA POSTAĆ WARTOŚCI
    (Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 2006) Kordela, Marzena
    The principles of law have been vividly discussed for several dozens of years by jurists involved in the theory and philosophy of law as well as scholars representing dogmatic disciplines and practicing lawyers. This special interest has its primary source in the fact that the principles of law have been recently far more widely used not only in the acts of la w application, but also in research results where they have enabled formulation of important scientific concepts, and have shown directions of further investigations. The principles of law are usually defined as a category of the norms of conduct; a category which distinguishes itself by a catalogue of certain specific features of its elements, such as: generality, high rank in the hierarchical legal system, significance, gradation of realisation, possibility of creating a conflict without the necessity of declaring any of the incompatible principles invalid, the procedure of “weighing”, “balancing” or “harmonising” of incompatible principles when making explicit or unambiguous decisions. Principles qualified as the norms of conduct, on the other hand, share these characteristics only slightly because due to their construction it is extremely difficult to identify precisely their addressees, the circumstances in which they are applied and the prescribed (or prohibited) conduct. This difficulty may be solved when the principles of law are not treated as a norm of conduct. Although the principles and the norms have the same origin (genus) i.e. a directival expression, it is the differences between them which are far more important. While the norms of conduct require an obligation of a certain behaviour in specifically denoted circumstances from explicitly specified subjects, the principles in that sequence consist of only one element: an obligation. It is because the obligation created by principles does not require a certain, adequate conduct, but rather a realisation of a certain value. All the properties distinguishing the principles are simply the properties of those values, for which the principles constitute a normative form, while the legislator, besides the competence to establish law, has also the competence to establish legal values. Therefore, even if a value being implemented in the legal system has a previously determined definition, having its origin in, e.g. generally accepted moral values, it will never become legally binding unless the legislative fiat. However, how the obligation to realise that value will be “translated” into ordinary norms, is a totally different matter.
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    INSTYTUCJA PRAWNA ZATRUDNIENIA ZARZĄDCY ZAKŁADU PRACY W PERSPEKTYWIE KODYFIKACJI PRAWA PRACY
    (Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 2006) Kijowski, Andrzej; Jankowiak, Jarosław
    The paper addresses a fundamental issue which is the determination of the working or employment status of a managing director. It attempts to answer the question whether such a person de lege ferenda should be given the status of an employee (on a contract of service) or a non-employee (a worker on a contract for services). In order to answer this question the authors first analyse the course and results of a discussion that went on in Poland’s interwar period (1919-1939), then look at the existing regulations and solutions in other states, and finally analyse the tendencies currently present in Polish labour law, to conclude that despite numerous convincing arguments to the contrary, pragmatic reasons speak for securing for a managing director a status or an employee, which conclusion is also a recommendation for consideration when drafting an amended version of labour law in Poland. The same arguments, in the authors’ opinion, speak against the same status for a managing director to be provided for in the potentially drafted EU labour law model.
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    CORAZ MNIEJ GRZESZNI - O KATEGORII GRZECHU W ŚWIADOMOŚCI MŁODYCH LUDZI
    (Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 2006) Królikowska, Anna
    Among European nations Poles are recognised as highly religious. Current declarations of religious faith do not mean, however, that people’s religiousness meets the expectations and teaching of Catholic Church. Sin is a notion relatively strongly fixed within the Christian and Catholic doctrine. Contemporary culture is conducive to the decrease of the influence of this notion on consciousness and religious and moral life. Sin as a notion is almost absent in a social sphere outside the Church. Can it be found within an individual consciousness? This question, like those on the condition of other religious notions, is interesting particularly in reference to young people, whose consciousness is, on the one hand, under the influence of postmodern cultural values, and on the other, has been equipped with some traditional, religious transmission. If a category of sin still remains, then what are its versions and interpretations? What are its equivalents in a secularised consciousness? Theoretical and methodological questions referring to the changes in interpretations of the notions that played important roles in our culture are still a separate issue. The argument that an exploration o f such a private sphere goes beyond the limits of sociology is not strong enough to induce withdrawal of our interest from that part of human consciousness.
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    SZACOWANIE FUNDAMENTALNYCH ODDZIAŁYWAŃ RELACJI MAKROEKONOMICZNYCH NA BILANS OBROTÓW BIEŻĄCYCH
    (Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 2006) Najlepszy, Eugeniusz
    A simplified micro-economic model is analysed and developed in order to identify and quantify the strong and weak influences of fundamental macro-economic relations (such as savings rates and domestic investments) and their main determinants on the current account balance. The influence mechanisms of those macro-economic relations are generally described by cause-effect relations determining the explanatory variables in regression equations constituting a development of a simplified theoretical model. The theoretical model of the regression function estimation is based on different descriptions of the influence mechanisms of the key factors determining the current account balance and a differently outlined hierarchy of the economic factors that influence the evolutions of the analysed macro-economic relations such as savings and domestic investments measured against the GDR Empirical research carried out worldwide and methodological recommendations (taken from the literature on international business theory) serve as justification of the author’s selection of the potential determinants of the current account balance.
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    CZY ZASADA CZYNU JAKO PODSTAWOWA ZASADA PRAWA KARNEGO JEST WYSTARCZAJĄCO PRZESTRZEGANA?
    (Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 2006) Joachim Hirsch, Hans
    One of the key principles of contemporary criminal law is the principle that criminal law is the “law of actus reus” (“deed of crime”). The main thesis of the paper is a statement that there is no reason to change that. As various forms of special crime prevention and their significance have been recently expanding, both in theory and practice, “the perpetrator’s criminal law” becomes of essential importance too. The fact that criminal law has always been the law dealing with actus reus (a deed of crime) is connected with the historical concept of repayment for damages. The penal suffering, or punishment inflicted, may be a re-payment for the deed of crime, but not for the identification of the perpetrator or placing the perpetrator in a certain category of perpetrators. Accordingly, the concept of mens rea (guilty mind) relates to actus reus (the deed of crime). The law of actus reus constitutes a certain bastion safeguarding against abuses on the part of the state, and therefore it is indirectly included in many constitutions through a requirement that a deed of crime must be defined, and through the principle of guilty mind as it arises from the principle of the state of law. The author asks whether the principle of a deed of crime (actus reus) is always adhered to by the German legislator. Consequently, the following are analysed: 1) the institution of an ineffective attempt, 2) a crime as an abstract exposure to danger of a legal good, 3) statutory attributes determining motivation to commit a forbidden act, 4) the so called principle of concurrence, or time coincidence in relation to the intention and guilt, 5) sentencing, particularly in case of persistent offenders, 6) discontinuance of criminal proceedings arising from the opportunistic principle. The criticised solutions of the German law are being compared with selected provisions of the Polish criminal code.