Filozofia Publiczna i Edukacja Demokratyczna, 2012, Tom 1 Nr 1
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Item Filozofia Publiczna i Edukacja Demokratyczna, Tom 1 (2012) Nr 1 – Spis treści / Contents(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Instytutu Filozofii, 2012)Item Redakcja / Rada Naukowa / Strona tytułowa / Editors & Editorial Board / Title page(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Instytutu Filozofii, 2012)Item Kronika(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Instytutu Filozofii, 2012)Item Negatywistyczna metafizyka unitarna Leszka Nowaka jako przykład współczesnego namysłu metafizycznego(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Instytutu Filozofii, 2012) Kiedrowski, KrzysztofSpeculation, i.e. thinking based on the pure concepts is characteristic of philosophical branch called metaphysics. In this paper I’m trying to show the main ideas and assumptions of contemporary Polish metaphysical conception by Leszek Nowak – negativistic unitarian metaphysics. It contains three blocks of statements: metaphilosophical, methodological and subject ones. Unitarian metaphysics is being developed systemically, with the application of the method of idealization and concretization, and deductive one. The most important ideas of this conception are: atributivism (attributes are the conclusive base (arche) of reality), negativism (reality is first of all negative) and plurality-of-worlds (there are many worlds).Item Marksowski materializm historyczny – koncepcja związku między bazą a nadbudową oraz prymatu czynników ekonomicznych(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Instytutu Filozofii, 2012) Cichoracki, MichałHistorical materialism is theoretical concept of Marxist view of history. It is described by K. Marx and F. Engels as a scientific, empirical hypothesis seeking economical factors, the changes in the modes of production and exchange as the ultimate cause, and the great moving power of all important historic events in the social and political development of society. According to this point of view changes in the productive forces of society (economical base) lead to the specific forms of social and political organization (social and political superstructure) and create some specific forms of social consciousness.Item Dowody na istnienie Boga(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Instytutu Filozofii, 2012) Białas, AnnaThe increased interest in arguments for the existence of God appeared in the XI century, with the development of the dialectic. One of the most famous ontological proof is a proof of Anselm of Canterbury – to prove the existence of God by going out only with HIS idea. In the XIII century, the ontological argument has lost its importance to the „five ways” of the Saint Thomas Aquinas, inspired by Aristotle and based on experience.Item Czym jest filozofia moralna?(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Instytutu Filozofii, 2012) Malitowska, AnnaThe first part of the present article is an introduction to ethics as a branch of philosophy, as moral philosophy, or philosophical thinking about morality. In the second part of the article the author deals with the relationship between three kinds of thinking that relate to morality: descriptive empirical inquiry (descriptive ethics), normative thinking, and meta-ethical reflection.Item Niccolò Machiavelli: klasyczny realizm i republikanizm(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Instytutu Filozofii, 2012) Raburski, TomaszArticle presents life and ideas of Niccolò Machiavelli. Machiavelli is placed in the context of his times. His influence on the development of modern political thought is examined. The examples of his wider impact on western culture are given. Machiavelli is described as a founding father of two strands of political philosophy: political realism and republicanism.Item Filozoficzny problem czasu i przestrzeni u Leibniza(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Instytutu Filozofii, 2012) Woszczek, MarekGottfried W. Leibniz (1646–1716) był jednym z najwybitniejszych i zarazem najbardziej interesujących nowożytnych metafizyków i uczonych Europy. Znany przede wszystkim jako ważny reprezentant filozofii racjonalistycznej XVII w., zaproponował własny, wysoce oryginalny system metafizyczny jako odpowiedź na kilka zasadniczych problemów, z jakimi filozofia zmagała się już od swoich starożytnych początków, przede wszystkim zaś problemy: bytu, konieczności, możliwości i przypadkowości, materii, czasu i przestrzeni czy uporządkowania przyrody. Był jednym z ostatnich uniwersalnych, wszechstronnych umysłów naukowo-filozoficznych: zajmował się nie tylko filozofią, logiką (jest jednym z ojców nowożytnej logiki matematycznej) i teologią, ale teżItem Paradoksy(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Instytutu Filozofii, 2012) Tworak, ZbigniewAn important part of philosophical thinking are paradoxes. Many of them raise serious problems and are associated with crises of thought and revolutionary advances in the science. This paper is devoted to the notion of paradox and presents a potpourri of paradoxes. I give a very broad interpretation of the term paradox, far broader than will appeal to many logical purists.Item Mózgi w naczyniu(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Instytutu Filozofii, 2012) Albiński, TomaszAlthough there is a disagreement about how Putnam’s argument should be understood, it is possible to point to several elements of this argument which are common for many different reconstructions. In this paper I have tried to show that not all of them are unquestionable. And I want to propose a new way in which self-refutation of statement „I am a brain in a vat” may be understood. A form of this reconstruction is neutral for controversy about metaphysical realism or skepticism – it differs from the argument suggested by Putnam’s text. But I think that a story about envatted brains is simply a story about a language.Item Pojawienie się filozofii w Europie i faktu tego następstwa(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Instytutu Filozofii, 2012) Pałubicka, AnnaIn this paper the author attempts to answer the question why the European culture – since the sixteenth century – has gained a civilizational advantage over other cultural circles. The proposed answer focuses on philosophy and its genesis. The author concludes that the emergence of philosophy constitutes new, hitherto unknown way of thinking which has overcome the „magical thought”. Spectacular transformations of European culture, therefore, seem to begin with philosophical thinking, i.e. with the emergence of philosophy.Item Prawo O wieloznaczności pojęcia(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Instytutu Filozofii, 2012) Bekrycht, TomaszThe subject of this article is the analysis of law’s and norm’s term ambiguity. The content of the article focuses on presentation of interrelationship between normative systems as positive law, nature law, ethic and customs. The author shows a difference between two fundamental law’s origins which shape individual normative orders. He also presents in details their mutual influence and discusses the place of positive law against a background of other normative orders.Item O uczuciach i emocjach na poważnie (nie tylko dla nauczycieli etyki)(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Instytutu Filozofii, 2012) Nowak, EwaIn this chapter I focus on the relevance of moral emotions in our „perception of something as moral issue” as well as „in the application of moral norms, but also in their grounding...”. Referring to the statements of philosophy (from Aristotle to Habermas) and developmental psychology (from Piaget to Ekman) I highlight that affectivity needs to be already promoted in the early education. There is a lack of the professional emotional education in the Polish schooling system. Finally I propose a simple training for both teachers and students, in order to strength their skills of understanding facial emotional expressions of others. Mutual respect, trust, and better communicational relationships in the classroom will follow, and, last but not least, the learning processes in pupils will be facilitated too.Item Od Redaktorów: O „Filozofii Publicznej i Edukacji Demokratycznej”(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Instytutu Filozofii, 2012) Juchacz, Piotr W.; Malitowska, AnnaItem Początki są zawsze trudne? O dzieciństwie, polityce i filozofii(Wydawnictwo Naukowe Instytutu Filozofii, 2012) Weber, BarbaraHumans are mainly rational beings and children seem to be “defective creatures”. In contrast to that popular and reduced concept of childhood, thinkers like Kant, Arendt and Lévinas explored the more complex anthropological concept of child in its Otherness. They regard childhood as a necessary aspect of the society. Kant in his essay What Does it Mean to Orient Oneself in Thinking? calls for the early encouragement of reason.