Podatność wód podziemnych na zanieczyszczenie jako czynnik determinujący stopień ich zagrożenia - na przykładzie zlewni Mogilnicy
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Date
2007
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Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk
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Abstract
The dynamics and tendency of change in
surface- and groundwater systems depend,
among other things, on their susceptibility to
various kinds of natural and man-made factors
as well as the intensity and duration of their
impact. The study presents stages in the assessment
of the vulnerability of shallow groundwater
to the migration of pollutants coming
from the land surface. It was carried out for
a typical agricultural catchment situated in the
Wielkopolska Lowland (the Mogilnica catchment).
Following the basic assumptions of the
ranking methods of assessment of groundwater
vulnerability (the GOD index), an analysis was
made of a selected group of physical parameters
of the catchment, including hydrogeological
elements which determine the response and
resistance of shallow aquifer systems to the
impact of man-made factors. Empirical formulae
(Bachmat and Collin’s) were employed to
calculate the potential time taken by the pollutants
to reach the water-bearing horizon, which
provided a basis for a classification of the extent
and degree of risk to groundwater. The areal
distribution of the index of groundwater vulnerability
to pollution was presented and analysed
against information about the way of
development and land-use pattern in the catchment.
It was found that its groundwater displayed
a low degree of vulnerability due to the
fact that most of the catchment area is covered
with till which screens the shallow groundwater
from the inflow of pollution. An assessment of
risk to groundwater resulting from the time of
migration of water through the aeration zone
showed that more than half of the study area
(about 56%) was at medium risk and nearly 20%
was at high risk. This means that the migration
of potential pollutants can take from 5 to 25 years
and from 2 to 5 years, respectively. Attention
was also paid to the numerous links of shallow
groundwater with surface waters and the deep
groundwater system of the Wielkopolska Buried
Valley, which is the principal operable
aquifer in the study area. Taking into consideration
the level of human impact in the
catchment, areas least and most exposed to risk
were identified; they should be considered especially
carefully when planning new investment.
The quantification of parameters of the individual
catchment subsystems, including the shallow
groundwater system, is a starting point for
analyses of spatial variability of the parameters
and for comparative studies of various units,
e.g. catchments, groundwater bodies, or areas
with similar land-use patterns. An assessment
of the degree of vulnerability of groundwater to
pollution can be a crucial element in the preparation
of a strategy of sustainable management
of water resources in the catchment.
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Citation
Badania Fizjograficzne, Seria A, Tom 58, 2007, s. 179-201
ISBN
978-83-7063-538-1