Rozwój samorządu zawodowego w okresie II Rzeczypospolitej
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Date
2020
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Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM
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Development of professional self-government during the Second Polish Republic
Abstract
Samorząd zawodowy jest jedną z form decentralizacji administracji publicznej. Ma on na celu ochronę określonych zawodów, które ze względu na interes społeczny wymagają najwyższych kwalifikacji merytorycznych oraz moralnych. Choć instytucje samorządu zawodowego swoje prawne funkcjonowanie na ziemiach polskich rozpoczęły podczas zaborów, ich znaczący rozwój nastąpił w okresie II Rzeczypospolitej. Powstał wówczas samorząd adwokacki, notarialny, lekarski, lekarsko-dentystyczny oraz aptekarski. W latach 1918–1939 instytucje samorządu zawodowego stanowiły istotny element struktury administracyjnej państwa. Korporacje zawodowe uznawane były za związki publicznoprawne, działające poprzez własne organy i posiadające jasno określone kompetencje. Rozwój samorządu zawodowego przerwał wybuch II wojny światowej, zaś jego rzeczywista odbudowa nastąpiła dopiero w okresie transformacji ustrojowej w 1989 r. Niewątpliwie regulacje prawne obowiązujące w II Rzeczypospolitej stanowiły podstawę prawną restytucji korporacji zawodowych.
Professional self-government is one of the forms of decentralization of public administration. It aims at protecting certain professions which require the highest level of substantive and moral qualifications because of public interest. Although professional self-government institutions started their legal functioning in the area of Poland during the partitions, their significant development took place during the Second Polish Republic. At that time legal, notarial, medical, dental and pharmaceutical self-governments were established. In the years 1918-1939, professional self-government bodies were an important element of the state administrative structure. Professional associations were considered public associations, operating through their own bodies and having clearly defined capacities. The development of professional self-government was interrupted by the outbreak of World War II and its actual reconstruction took place only during the political transformation in the year 1989. Undoubtedly, the legal regulations in force in the Second Polish Republic constituted the legal basis for the restoration of professional associations.
Professional self-government is one of the forms of decentralization of public administration. It aims at protecting certain professions which require the highest level of substantive and moral qualifications because of public interest. Although professional self-government institutions started their legal functioning in the area of Poland during the partitions, their significant development took place during the Second Polish Republic. At that time legal, notarial, medical, dental and pharmaceutical self-governments were established. In the years 1918-1939, professional self-government bodies were an important element of the state administrative structure. Professional associations were considered public associations, operating through their own bodies and having clearly defined capacities. The development of professional self-government was interrupted by the outbreak of World War II and its actual reconstruction took place only during the political transformation in the year 1989. Undoubtedly, the legal regulations in force in the Second Polish Republic constituted the legal basis for the restoration of professional associations.
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samorząd zawodowy, professional self-government, II Rzeczpospolita, the Second Polish Republic, decentralizacja, decentralization
Citation
Zeszyt Studencki Kół Naukowych Wydziału Prawa i Administracji UAM, 2020, nr 10, s. 111-124