Eugeniczne przesłanki totalitaryzmu niemieckiego. Społeczno-polityczne konteksty oraz implikacje w horyzoncie anthropos
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2014-07-03
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Eugenic premises of German totalitarianism. Socio-political contexts and implications on the anthropos horizon
Abstract
Rozprawa doktorska podejmuje interesujący i wciąż aktualny problem genezy narodowego socjalizmu (nazizmu)- jako ideologii i zarazem ruchu społeczno-politycznego - który nadał kształt ustrojowi Trzeciej Rzeszy Niemieckiej. Autorka formułuje i uzasadnia oryginalną hipotezę, że eugenika w jej "radykalnej" - nawiązującej do darwinizmu - postaci, występującej w Niemczech zazwyczaj pod mianem Rassenhygiene, stanowiła konieczny warunek (conditio sine qua non) powstania nazizmu. Temat jest ujęty w wielowymiarowej płaszczyźnie sytuacyjnej, jaka się wytworzyła nie tylko w niemieckiej, lecz także światowej eugenice w XIX oraz w pierwszej połowie XX stulecia, z uwzględnieniem także innych czynników, które doprowadziły do powstania nazizmu. Obok przesłanek nazizmu praca zawiera dokładną analizę przesłanek powstania samej eugeniki, a także przyczyn, dlaczego eugenika niemiecka przybrała specyficzny rasistowski charakter. Autorka bada warunki, które umożliwiły eugenice osiągnięcie światowego sukcesu. Dokonuje też oceny eugeniki w różnych jej wariantach, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem dwóch jej zasadniczych odmian: darwinowskiej "radykalnej" oraz "łagodnej" eugeniki budowanej na założeniach lamarkizmu, zmierzającej do doskonalenia gatunku ludzkiego w drodze polepszania warunków życia biednych i upośledzonych warstw ludności. Ponadto, na kanwie rozważań nad eugeniką, wprowadza interesujące implikacje społeczno-polityczne oraz antropologiczne, związane z faktem, że niemiecki totalitaryzm - jak zresztą każdy system totalitarny - dążył do stworzenia człowieka nowego typu, w rzeczywistości człowieka "totalnie dyspozycyjnego", a to znaczy także pozbawionego osobowości.
The doctoral dissertation tackles the interesting and still live topic of the origin of National Socialism (Nazism) - both as an ideology and as a socio-political movement, which shaped the system of the German Third Reich. The autor formulates and justifies an original hypothesis that eugenics in its radical - referring to Darwinism - form, which occurred in Germany usually by the name of Rassenhygiene, constituted an essential condition (conditio sine qua non) of the birth of Nazism. The topic is discussed in a multidimensional situational framework, which arose non only in German, but also in global eugenics in the 19th and the first half of the 20th centuries, and also takes into account other factors which led to the emergence of Nazism. Apart from the premises of Nazism, the thesis includes a precise analysis of the premises underlying eugenics itself and also the reasons why German eugenics adopted a specific racist form. The autor examines the conditions which made it possible for eugenics to succeed worldwide. She makes an assessment of eugenics in its different variants , especially focusing on its two basic forms: the Darwinian "radical" and the "gentle" eugenics founded on the assumptions of Lamarckism aiming at perfecting the human species through improving living conditions of the poor and the disadvantaged sections of the population. In addition, the author's inquiry of eugenics has resulted in interesting socio-political and anthropological implications connected with the fact that the goal of German totalitarianism - as well as of all totalitarian system - was creating a new type of man, in fact a totally "submissive man", which also means a man devoid of personality.
The doctoral dissertation tackles the interesting and still live topic of the origin of National Socialism (Nazism) - both as an ideology and as a socio-political movement, which shaped the system of the German Third Reich. The autor formulates and justifies an original hypothesis that eugenics in its radical - referring to Darwinism - form, which occurred in Germany usually by the name of Rassenhygiene, constituted an essential condition (conditio sine qua non) of the birth of Nazism. The topic is discussed in a multidimensional situational framework, which arose non only in German, but also in global eugenics in the 19th and the first half of the 20th centuries, and also takes into account other factors which led to the emergence of Nazism. Apart from the premises of Nazism, the thesis includes a precise analysis of the premises underlying eugenics itself and also the reasons why German eugenics adopted a specific racist form. The autor examines the conditions which made it possible for eugenics to succeed worldwide. She makes an assessment of eugenics in its different variants , especially focusing on its two basic forms: the Darwinian "radical" and the "gentle" eugenics founded on the assumptions of Lamarckism aiming at perfecting the human species through improving living conditions of the poor and the disadvantaged sections of the population. In addition, the author's inquiry of eugenics has resulted in interesting socio-political and anthropological implications connected with the fact that the goal of German totalitarianism - as well as of all totalitarian system - was creating a new type of man, in fact a totally "submissive man", which also means a man devoid of personality.
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Wydział Nauk Społecznych: Instytut Filozofii
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Keywords
Eugenika, Higiena ras, Nazizm, Totalitaryzm, Inżynieria społeczna, Eugenics, Racial hygiene, Nazism, Totalitarianism, Social engineering