Kompetencje obywatelskie a aktywność w sferze publicznej
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Date
2013-06-25
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Civic competence and activity in the public sphere
Abstract
Pojęcie obywatela niesie ze sobą wieloletnią tradycję. Ocena zmian w zakresie charakteru roli, jak i prezentacja zróżnicowanych uwarunkowań historyczno-społecznych jej rozwoju stanowi tło tej rozprawy. Głównym przedmiotem tej pracy jest przedstawienie praktycznych możliwości analizy „obywatelstwa” w ramach koncepcji kompetencji obywatelskich. To nowatorskie ujęcie niweluje liczne problemy spotykane w praktyce badawczej. W tym kontekście kompetencje obywatelskie definiuje się jako umiejętności skutecznego i konstruktywnego funkcjonowania w życiu obywatelskim w oparciu o znajomość zasad funkcjonowania systemu politycznego i wiedzy z zakresu spraw publicznych. W ramach zaproponowanej perspektywy stworzono narzędzie i specjalną skalę do pomiaru kompetencji, a także przeprowadzono badania ilościowe i jakościowe w Poznaniu, Lesznie i Wrześni, które posłużyły do analizy uwarunkowań szeroko i wąsko określonych umiejętności funkcjonowania obywateli w sferze publicznej. Generalnie zdiagnozowano syndrom „obywatelskiej bierności” wśród badanych mieszkańców Wielkopolski charakteryzujący się niskim poziomem: kompetencji obywatelskich, zainteresowania sprawami publicznymi, czy niskim poczuciem wpływu na sprawy publiczne. Opisane motywacyjne bariery stanowią poważny problem w kontekście rozwoju świadomości obywatelskiej przez kolejne lata. Wskazanie konkretnych potencjalnych rozwiązań, jedynie zasugerowanych w tej pracy, stanowi spore wyzwanie dla dalszych prac.
The concept of a citizen and citizenship has a long tradition. An evaluation of changes in the role of a citizen, as well as presentation of different historical and social circumstances of its development, constitute the background of this dissertation. The main aim of the thesis is to present practical possibilities of an analysis of "citizenship" within the framework of civic competence. This approach overcomes common problems in research practice. The civic competence is defined as an ability to effectively and successfully function in civic life on the basis of knowledge concerning the rules of functioning of a political system and knowledge concerning public affairs. In such an approach, competence is a specific system of abilities and attitudes through which citizens can achieve their goals related to the functioning in the public sphere. Within the framework of the proposed perspective a tool and a scale have been specifically designed to assess competence, and moreover, a quantitative and qualitative research were carried out in Poznań, Leszno and Września, in order to analyze the conditioning of both the broadly as well as narrowly defined civic competence within public sphere. A syndrome of “civil passivity” has been generally diagnosed among the inhabitants of the Wielkopolska region who took part in the research program, which is characterized by a low level of: civic competence, interest in public affairs, or a low level of confidence in one’s own impact on public affairs. The debated motivational barriers constitute a serious problem in the development of civic awareness in the perspective of the following years. An indication of potential solutions, which have been merely suggested in the present dissertation, constitutes a considerable challenge for future research.
The concept of a citizen and citizenship has a long tradition. An evaluation of changes in the role of a citizen, as well as presentation of different historical and social circumstances of its development, constitute the background of this dissertation. The main aim of the thesis is to present practical possibilities of an analysis of "citizenship" within the framework of civic competence. This approach overcomes common problems in research practice. The civic competence is defined as an ability to effectively and successfully function in civic life on the basis of knowledge concerning the rules of functioning of a political system and knowledge concerning public affairs. In such an approach, competence is a specific system of abilities and attitudes through which citizens can achieve their goals related to the functioning in the public sphere. Within the framework of the proposed perspective a tool and a scale have been specifically designed to assess competence, and moreover, a quantitative and qualitative research were carried out in Poznań, Leszno and Września, in order to analyze the conditioning of both the broadly as well as narrowly defined civic competence within public sphere. A syndrome of “civil passivity” has been generally diagnosed among the inhabitants of the Wielkopolska region who took part in the research program, which is characterized by a low level of: civic competence, interest in public affairs, or a low level of confidence in one’s own impact on public affairs. The debated motivational barriers constitute a serious problem in the development of civic awareness in the perspective of the following years. An indication of potential solutions, which have been merely suggested in the present dissertation, constitutes a considerable challenge for future research.
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Wydział Nauk Społecznych
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Kompetencje obywatelskie, Civic competence, Społeczeństwo obywatelskie, Civic society, Obywatel, Citizenship