Kryminologia konsensualna czy konfliktowa? Spór o koncepcję
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Date
1987
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Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM
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Consensual criminology or conflict criminology? A conception in dispute
Abstract
Since late sixties one can observe in criminological literature significant change
of the assumptions about society and social order. This change may be described
as the turn from the assumption of normative consensus towards the assumption
of social conflict, which is of very significant consequences for sociological conceptions
of crime and deviance. Because of this it is possible to speak about two paradigms
within criminological thought: consensual and conflict ones. Consensual
Paradigm assumes normative consensus as the main source of social order. Because
of this, deviance is treated as an indicator of the lack of adjustment, product of
individual or social pathology. Within conflict paradigm, which assumes that social
order results from coercion, society is perceived as the aggregation of many social
groups with different and conflicting cultures. In such situation deviance constitutes
normal behavior of individuals acting in accordance with values and norms of the
groups they belong to, which under certain conditions may be stigmatised as
deviant or criminal. Sources of stigmatisation and criminalisation are main problems
for contemporary conflict criminology. They are explained in terms of social conflict,
where criminal law is perceived as the tool of power elites in subduing other
groups. Because of this conflict, criminology abandones traditional etiological questions. Instead, it tries to develop critical sociology of criminal law and criminal
justice. The main problem about this approach is whether it is really impossible to
reconcile it with traditional consensus criminology. It seems that it is possible.
Consensus and conflict constitute two aspects of every society. Which one prevails
depends on circumstances. The main task is to ascertain in what situations which
approach constitutes better and more adequate tool of describing deviant and
criminal phenomena.
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Digitalizacja i deponowanie archiwalnych zeszytów RPEiS sfinansowane przez MNiSW w ramach realizacji umowy nr 541/P-DUN/2016
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Citation
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny 49, 1987, z. 2, s. 79-96
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0035-9629