Reglamentacja obrotów zagranicznych jako forma polityki interwencyjnej rządu polskiego w latach 1929 - 1939
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Date
1974
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Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM
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Control of Foreign Traffic as the Form of the Polish Government Policy of Intervention, in the Years 1924 -1939
Abstract
The collapse of the world economy in the thirties was especially felt in
Poland. In that situation the state had to undertake some efforts in order to
lighten the course of events as well as to precipitate the end of crisis. These
efforts were also directed towards the possibly rapid reconstruction of the
devastations in Polish economy caused by that crisis. The intervention measures
of the Polish government embraced the whole variety of steps which were undertaken
in all branches of national economy.
The author of this paper comes to the analysis and evaluation of control policy
which — apart from the customs policy and the policy of export promotion —
constituted in those times the substantial form of state intervention in the field
of Polish foreign trade. The control of foreign traffic was reviewed from the
point of view of numerous restrictions, import quotas and barter business.
After a thorough examination of the process of rapid development of the
foreign traffic control in Poland the author points at the double objective of
introducing the import quotas. On one hand those above mentioned quotas can
be considered as the repercussion and result of autarchic processes developed
amongst the Poland's trade partners and increasing difficulties in international
trade as well as the result of commonly used foreign exchange restrictions causing
the freeze of credit balance from exports. Those import restrictions were introduced
in order to weaken the disadvantegeous influence of the above mentioned events
on Polish foreign trade and — indirectly — on the whole Poland's economy.
On the other hand the control policy was also facilitating the inland's economic
and financial policy. In the years 1929 - 1935 the system of quotas highly contributed
to the achievement of favourable balance of foreign trade and international
payments; in the next years that system constituted one of the most significant
factors realization of foreign exchange control. In addition, in the whole period
being the subject of the present analysis, the compensatory turnover greatly
facilitated the realization of policy of export promotion.
The mentioned motives of using the control policy caused the seizure of almost
full control of foreign trade by state.
In this article the author evaluates the control policy on the basis of the
demonstrated uniformity of that policy with the general, economic policy of the
state. As the deflation policy of the crisis years is evaluated rather negatively the
same appraisal can be adopted to the control policy in foreign trade. However
the investment policy of the after-crisis years of economic growth is appreciated
as the only justified policy within the framework of contemporary political system
and therefore also the control policy should be positively appreciated.
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Citation
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny 36, 1974, z. 1, s. 191-215
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ISBN
ISSN
0035-9629