Przemiany środowiskowe związane z antropopresją w ujściowym odcinku Warty
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Date
2014
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Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk
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Abstract
This article is an attempt at presenting environmental changes within the Warta valley during the
last 250 years on the basis of existing archives, i.e. historical sources and old hydrographic hand-drawn maps,
compiled in 1773 and 1786. Correlation with a modern map illustrates how much the hydrographic network
and water conditions has changed in this area. The area under discussion by the author covers the valley of the
lower Warta river from the mouth of Noteć river to the mouth of the Warta into the Odra river. First of all, an
attempt was mode to reconstruct the initial environmental conditions. The greatest changes were connected
with river regulation work in the Warta valley, including irrigation channels and discharge ditches draining
the water from swampy valleys parts. These field works were for the most part of valley carried out towards
the end of the 18-th century and the early part of the 19-th century. In this period the changes of hydrographic
conditions were greatest. The present hydrographic pattern in the Warta Valley is artificial regulated with
strengthened nearly straight line banks. This works provided for its stability, whereas in its other segments
of Warta river often changed its course creating new meanders or arms. The dominance of drainage works in
this area, liquidation of wet areas and river patterns made this terrain periodically dry, completely different
than in the middle Ages. The Warta also lost its significance as a water route, and its water are polluted. In the
Warta valley also the transformation of relief is caused by the development of transport routes, building the
flood dam and another type of anthropogenic forms. In area under consideration as a result of human activity,
practically all physiographic elements were changed – waters, swamps, relief, soils and topoclimate.
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Keywords
human impact, Warta valley, environmental changes, melioration and river engineering
Citation
Badania Fizjograficzne, Seria A, Tom 65, 2014, s. 129-152
ISBN
978-83-7654-317-8