Kodeks magistra Hieronima Szwarca. Przyczynek do dziejów najstarszego księgozbioru bernardynów w Krakowie
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2014
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Biblioteka Uniwersytecka w Poznaniu
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Master Hieronim Szwarc codex. A contribution to the history of the oldest book collection of the Franciscans/Bernardines in Cracow
Abstract
Artykuł ma na celu pokazanie na przykładzie jednego kodeksu średniowiecznego
wartości i znaczenia badań proweniencyjnych księgozbiorów historycznych.
Przedmiotem charakterystyki jest średniowieczny kodeks ze zbiorów
Biblioteki Uniwersyteckiej w Poznaniu − XV-wieczny odpis Catholiconu Giovanniego
Balbi da Genova, popularnego w średniowieczu podręcznika gramatyki łacińskiej.
Rękopis ukończony w 1457 roku, skromnie iluminowany, jest jedynym w zbiorach
Biblioteki przykładem rękopiśmiennej księgi łańcuchowej (liber catenatus). Kodeks
ten jest unikatowy i cenny ze względu nie tyle na treść, ile na osobę pierwszego
właściciela (być może także kopisty księgi) – Hieronima Szwarca, magistra atrium
Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego i późniejszego zakonnika w klasztorze franciszkanów
obserwantów (bernardynów) w Krakowie na Stradomiu. Jak wynika z analizy zapisków
proweniencyjnych odnotowanych na przedniej części wyklejki oprawy Catholiconu
oraz ze źródeł historiograficznych, uniwersyteckich i zakonnych, Hieronim
był synem znanego mieszczanina krakowskiego Jerzego Szwarca, który na przełomie
1453 i 1454 roku gościł w swojej kamienicy przy rynku sławnego włoskiego kaznodzieję
pokutnego i reformatora zakonu franciszkanów Jana Kapistrana oraz towarzyszących
mu braci. Powyższe badania źródłowe dowiodły, że prezentowany kodeks
był własnością (może nawet dziełem rąk) absolwenta Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego,
a zarazem reprezentanta kapistrańczyków, tj. licznego grona krakowskich studentów,
którzy pod wpływem kazań Jana Kapistrana wstąpili do zakonu franciszkanów
obserwantów i pierwszego na ziemiach polskich klasztoru bernardynów, założonego
w Krakowie w 1453 roku. Druga zapiska własnościowa na oprawie księgi przynosi
z kolei informację, iż w 1466 roku kodeks magistra Hieronima został przekazany
(przez właściciela?) do biblioteki krakowskiego klasztoru. Należy więc do najstarszego
księgozbioru bernardyńskiego w Polsce.
The present article attempts to present, with an example of a medieval codex, the value and significance of the research on provenance of historical book collections. This is the case with the book under review: it is a detailed description of the Codex from the book collection of Poznań University Library – the fifteenth century copy of Catholicon by Giovanni Balbis of Genoa, a popular and commonly used in the Middle Ages dictionary and text book (primer) of Latin grammar. The manuscript, modestly illuminated and finished in 1457, is the only specimen of a hand-written chained book (liber catenatus) currently held in the Library’s collection. The codex is unique and extremely valuable not only on account of its content, but rather because of its first owner (possibly the copyist of the original book) – Hieronim Szwarc, Master of Arts or atrium magister of the Jagiellonian University, and later a monk at Priory of Franciscans/Observants, also known as the Bernardines, in Cracow-Stradom. As it follows from the analysis of the provenance notes placed on the front side of the flyleaf of the original binding of Catholicon, as well as from available historiographical sources, both academic and monasterial, Hieronim was a son of a well-known Cracow burgher Jerzy Szwarc who, at the turn of the 1453/1454, hosted in his tenement house in the market the famous Italian penitential preacher and reformer of the Franciscan Order John of Capistrano and accompanying friars. The relevant source study has revealed that the codex was in possession (or was possibly even the work) of the Jagiellonian University graduate, and at the same time a Capistrano-follower, i.e. a member of the numerous circle of students of the Cracow Academy who, inspired by sermons delivered by John of Capistrano, joined the Franciscan/Observants Order and the first priory of the Bernardines in Poland founded in Cracow in 1453. Another ownership note provides, in turn, a statement that Master Hieronim’s codex was handed over (by the owner?) to the library of this particular priory in 1466. It belongs then to the oldest Bernardine book collection in Poland.
The present article attempts to present, with an example of a medieval codex, the value and significance of the research on provenance of historical book collections. This is the case with the book under review: it is a detailed description of the Codex from the book collection of Poznań University Library – the fifteenth century copy of Catholicon by Giovanni Balbis of Genoa, a popular and commonly used in the Middle Ages dictionary and text book (primer) of Latin grammar. The manuscript, modestly illuminated and finished in 1457, is the only specimen of a hand-written chained book (liber catenatus) currently held in the Library’s collection. The codex is unique and extremely valuable not only on account of its content, but rather because of its first owner (possibly the copyist of the original book) – Hieronim Szwarc, Master of Arts or atrium magister of the Jagiellonian University, and later a monk at Priory of Franciscans/Observants, also known as the Bernardines, in Cracow-Stradom. As it follows from the analysis of the provenance notes placed on the front side of the flyleaf of the original binding of Catholicon, as well as from available historiographical sources, both academic and monasterial, Hieronim was a son of a well-known Cracow burgher Jerzy Szwarc who, at the turn of the 1453/1454, hosted in his tenement house in the market the famous Italian penitential preacher and reformer of the Franciscan Order John of Capistrano and accompanying friars. The relevant source study has revealed that the codex was in possession (or was possibly even the work) of the Jagiellonian University graduate, and at the same time a Capistrano-follower, i.e. a member of the numerous circle of students of the Cracow Academy who, inspired by sermons delivered by John of Capistrano, joined the Franciscan/Observants Order and the first priory of the Bernardines in Poland founded in Cracow in 1453. Another ownership note provides, in turn, a statement that Master Hieronim’s codex was handed over (by the owner?) to the library of this particular priory in 1466. It belongs then to the oldest Bernardine book collection in Poland.
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Keywords
Giovanni Balbis of Genoa, Catholicon, Hieronim Szwarc, Kraków, Bernardines, Cracow University in the 15thc., liber catenatus, medieval manuscripts, medieval codices, provenance research, bernardyni, Uniwersytet Krakowski w XV wieku, kodeksy średniowieczne, rękopisy średniowieczne, badania proweniencyjne
Citation
Biblioteka, 2014, nr 18 (27), s. 219-234
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ISSN
0551-6579