Strategies argumentatives et attitude du locuteur dans les arrets de la cour de cassation française et du tribunal supremo espagnol: une analyse contrastive
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Date
2010
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Instytut Językoznawstwa Wydział Neofilologii, UAM
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Strategie argumentatywne i postawa lokutora w wyrokach sądów najwyższych Francji i Hiszpanii
Abstract
Les textes juridiques sont étroitement liés à une communauté linguistique et culturelle déterminée et reflètent le rapport de forces qui s‘établit entre ses membres. Ce sont des textes d‘une grande complexité qui obéissent à des conventions linguistiques assez rigides. Cependant, comme le soulignent Anscombre et Ducrot (1983), toute unité linguistique est porteuse d‘un faisceau d‘instructions sémantico-pragmatiques qui déclenchent une certaine orientation argumentative et reflètent un point de vue spécifique de la part du locuteur (Raccah 2005). Partant d‘un corpus de textes composé d‘arrêts de la première chambre civile de la Cour de Cassation française et d‘arrêts prononcés par la Sala Primera de lo Civil del Tribunal Supremo espagnol, nous proposons d‘analyser, d‘une part, certains moyens expressifs employés dans ce type de textes pour se référer au locuteur et au responsable de l‘arrêt et, d‘autre part, certains marqueurs qui servent à articuler les différentes séquences textuelles. Dans ce sens, l‘analyse contrastive des textes juridiques met en évidence que, sous une apparente objectivité, se dissimulent des points de vue caractéristiques de ce type de textes aussi bien au niveau macro-textuel qu‘au niveau micro-textuel.
Legal texts are closely linked to the linguistic and cultural community in which they are produced and as such they reflect the power relations existing between its members. They are highly complex texts submitted to rigid linguistic conventions. However, as Anscombre and Ducrot (1983) pointed out, any linguistic unit contains semantic and pragmatic instructions which trigger a certain argumentative orientation and reflect the point of view of the speaker (Raccah 2005). This analysis, which is based on a corpus of sentences dictated by the French Cour de Cassation and the Spanish Sala Primera de lo Civil del Tribunal Supremo, analyses, on the one hand, the expressions used to refer to the speaker or the institution involved and, on the other hand, the discourse markers used to articulate textual sequences. The contrastive analysis provides evidence that, under an apparent objectivity, these texts convey numerous points of view which are characteristics of this type of texts both on macrotextual and microtextual levels.
Legal texts are closely linked to the linguistic and cultural community in which they are produced and as such they reflect the power relations existing between its members. They are highly complex texts submitted to rigid linguistic conventions. However, as Anscombre and Ducrot (1983) pointed out, any linguistic unit contains semantic and pragmatic instructions which trigger a certain argumentative orientation and reflect the point of view of the speaker (Raccah 2005). This analysis, which is based on a corpus of sentences dictated by the French Cour de Cassation and the Spanish Sala Primera de lo Civil del Tribunal Supremo, analyses, on the one hand, the expressions used to refer to the speaker or the institution involved and, on the other hand, the discourse markers used to articulate textual sequences. The contrastive analysis provides evidence that, under an apparent objectivity, these texts convey numerous points of view which are characteristics of this type of texts both on macrotextual and microtextual levels.
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Comparative Legilinguistics, vol. 2, 2010, pp. 11-22.