Reforma ekonomiczna w ZSRR — etapy i perspektywy
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Date
1990
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Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM
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Economic reform in the USSR — stages and prospects
Abstract
The first stage of economic reform in the USSR (1987 - 1988) did not bring any
significant practical changes. The crisis on a consumer market has gone deeper,
inflation and budget deficit have grown higher and enterprises have still been
oriented towards brutto" effects. It is the result of the lack of consistence both
in the sphere of shaping formal and legal grounds of the new economic system as
well as in the sphere of practical implementation of accepted solutions. The
requisite for speeding up the reform is the elimination of bureaucratic machinery
of branch system of administration of economy, i.e. the system which obstructs the
process of changes.
The reform should be carried out in stages. Basic changes should take place
in the first half of the 1990s. In the preceding years (1988 -1990) conditions for
subsequent reforms must be created, such as rearranging the structure of management,
eliminating of influx of inflation money and setting in motion the process
of gaining real independence by enterprises. By 1995 basic features of a new
economic mechanism should already be fully shaped. In order to achieve this, it
is necessary to give up the imperative character of parameters contained in the
central plan, to reduce considerably the scope of state obligatory orders and to
develop wholesale trade and the market for production goods. The system of
economic norms should gradually evolve into a developed, uniform tax system.
The latter should become a basic mechanism through which the state influences the
decisions of enterprises. The efficiency of anti-inflation policy should be achieved
through a two-level banking system and the market for securities. The introduction
of fully convertible roubel could be preceded by the implementation of internally
convertible roubel, a currency which would supersede the present one. The
development of competition depends on the restructuring of economy, the creation
of capital market and the influx of foreign capital. The range of centrally
determined prices should be limited to goods included in state orders.
After 1995 a fully shaped market system should be in operation. It should be
regulated by the state by means of a uniform tax system, financial and credit
reliefs and state orders. State property should remain only in the areas where
other forms of property should prove inefficient. The basic form of property should
be the employee stock ownership. The exchange rate of roubel should be shaped
by the money market.
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Citation
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny, 52, 1990, z. 2, s. 213-228