Graduał rkp 7021 Biblioteki Uniwersyteckiej w Poznaniu jako przykład recepcji potrydenckiej reformy chorału gregoriańskiego w polskim obrządku liturgicznym
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Date
2015
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Biblioteka Uniwersytecka w Poznaniu
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Gradual, MS 7021, from the Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts Section of Poznań University Library, as an example of post-Trent reception and implementation of Georgian plainchant in Polish liturgical celebration
Abstract
Graduał rkp 7021 Biblioteki Uniwersyteckiej w Poznaniu jest jednym
z wczesnych przykładów recepcji potrydenckiej reformy chorału gregoriańskiego na
terenie XVII-wiecznej Rzeczypospolitej. Księga pochodzi z toruńskiego skryptorium
benedyktynek kongregacji chełmińskiej.
Celem artykułu jest ukazanie przemian liturgicznych, jakie zaszły w Rzeczypospolitej
na początku XVII wieku, na przykładzie analizy zawartości rękopisu benedyktynek
i innych dostępnych źródeł, a także nakreślenie problemu reformy repertuaru
gregoriańskiego wprowadzonego przez Stolicę Apostolską i jego polskiej recepcji.
Dla liturgii Kościoła zachodniego najważniejszym osiągnięciem reformy potrydenckiej
było ujednolicenie ksiąg liturgicznych, co prowadziło do unifikacji liturgicznej
całego Kościoła. W Rzeczypospolitej przyjęto brewiarz i mszał rzymski oraz
mające z nimi ścisły związek – antyfonarz i graduał. W księgach tych starano się
jednak zachowywać tradycje lokalne, co nie pozwoliło na całkowite przyjęcie rytu
rzymskiego. Graduał rkp 7021 BUAM pochodzący z toruńskiego skryptorium zakonu
benedyktynek kongregacji chełmińskiej i będący przykładem wprowadzania
przez zakonnice reformy trydenckiej na terenie XVII-wiecznej Rzeczypospolitej nie
ma powiązania z tradycją lokalną czy zakonną.
W historii recepcji reformy trydenckiej na terenie Rzeczypospolitej benedyktynki
kongregacji chełmińskiej mają niewątpliwie wiele zasług. Odcinając się od reguły
benedyktynów tynieckich i tworząc własną, opartą na postanowieniach soboru trydenckiego,
okazały się zakonem nowatorskim i atrakcyjnym. Nie bez znaczenia jest
tu ich współpraca z zakonem jezuickim, który był również propagatorem reformy liturgicznej.
Artykuł ukazuje, jak ważne są badania polskich źródeł muzyczno-liturgicznych
okresu potrydenckiego. Stanowi też ważny wkład w rozpoznanie i opisanie źródła,
które do tej pory nie było powszechnie znane.
The gradual MS 7021 (kept at Poznań University Library) is one of the earliest examples of the reception of post-Trent reform of Gregorian plainchant in the seventeenth century Poland. The volume comes from the scriptorium of Benedictine convent in the Chełmno congregation. The article’s aim is to present the liturgical alterations and changes that occurred in the Polish Republic in the early seventeenth century with the example provided by an analysis of the content of the Benedictine manuscript as well as other available sources. Additionally, the article examines the problem of the reform of the Georgian repertoire introduced by the Apostolic See and the its subsequent reception in Poland. In the liturgy of the Western World, the most significant outcome of the post- Trent reform was the introduction of standarised principal liturgical books, which in consequence led to a unification of liturgy in the whole of the Church’s life. The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth adopted the breviary and the Roman Missal, the liturgical book that contains the texts and rubrics for the celebration of the Mass in the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church, as well as the antiphonary and gradual. Local traditions, however, were attempted to be retained in these liturgical books, so that the proper Roman rite could not have been implemented to the full. However, the gradual, MS 7021 BU UAM, from the Toruń scriptorium of the Benedictine convent, is an example of the implementation the Trent reform in the seventeenth century Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth that has no connections with any local or locallybased monastic tradition. The Benedictine nuns from the Chełmno congregation were undoubtedly prominent in the history of the Trent reform in the Republic of Both Nations. By dissenting from the spirit of St. Benedict’s rule professed by the Tyniec Benedictines, and by creating their own rule based on the resolutions of the Council of Trent, the convent adopted an innovative and attractive stance. The cooperation of the nuns with the Jesuits from the Society of Jesus, who were also promoters of the liturgical reform, was also instrumental. The article shows how important it is to carry on with research studies on Polish music and liturgical sources from the post-Trent period. The article is also an important contribution to the investigation and description of a source that, as yet, has not been satisfactorily addressed.
The gradual MS 7021 (kept at Poznań University Library) is one of the earliest examples of the reception of post-Trent reform of Gregorian plainchant in the seventeenth century Poland. The volume comes from the scriptorium of Benedictine convent in the Chełmno congregation. The article’s aim is to present the liturgical alterations and changes that occurred in the Polish Republic in the early seventeenth century with the example provided by an analysis of the content of the Benedictine manuscript as well as other available sources. Additionally, the article examines the problem of the reform of the Georgian repertoire introduced by the Apostolic See and the its subsequent reception in Poland. In the liturgy of the Western World, the most significant outcome of the post- Trent reform was the introduction of standarised principal liturgical books, which in consequence led to a unification of liturgy in the whole of the Church’s life. The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth adopted the breviary and the Roman Missal, the liturgical book that contains the texts and rubrics for the celebration of the Mass in the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church, as well as the antiphonary and gradual. Local traditions, however, were attempted to be retained in these liturgical books, so that the proper Roman rite could not have been implemented to the full. However, the gradual, MS 7021 BU UAM, from the Toruń scriptorium of the Benedictine convent, is an example of the implementation the Trent reform in the seventeenth century Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth that has no connections with any local or locallybased monastic tradition. The Benedictine nuns from the Chełmno congregation were undoubtedly prominent in the history of the Trent reform in the Republic of Both Nations. By dissenting from the spirit of St. Benedict’s rule professed by the Tyniec Benedictines, and by creating their own rule based on the resolutions of the Council of Trent, the convent adopted an innovative and attractive stance. The cooperation of the nuns with the Jesuits from the Society of Jesus, who were also promoters of the liturgical reform, was also instrumental. The article shows how important it is to carry on with research studies on Polish music and liturgical sources from the post-Trent period. The article is also an important contribution to the investigation and description of a source that, as yet, has not been satisfactorily addressed.
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Keywords
graduał, gradual, reforma trydencka, Trent reform, antyfonarz, antiphonary, brewiarz, breviary, XVII wiek, the seventeenth century
Citation
Biblioteka, 2015, nr 19 (28), s. 7-30