Rolnictwo zespołowe we Francji
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Date
1972
Authors
Advisor
Editor
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM
Title alternative
Group Agriculture in France
Abstract
Agricultural Groups of Common Exploitation (Groupements Agricoles d'Exploitation
en Commun) are voluntary associations of persons who unite their own
productive means and work together in a manner which is on one side close to the
family farm and on the other side meets the requirements of modern agriculture.
In 1965 there were only a few "group farms", so called "gaecs", while at the
end of 1969 — 1,734, and in 1970 there were 2,190 such group farms embracing
4,900 farmers and 220,000 hectares. There are about 137 hectares for one gaec, that
is 40 for one member of a gaec. The main concentrations of gaecs are in eastern,
southeastern and western France. There is a shortage of gaeces in middle and
southern France.
One gaec engage no more than 10 persons, all agriculturists, who are obliged
to work in common on the group farm. Every gaec has a constitution and regulations
of work. All gaecs are members of the union of group farms (UGEA) with
its headquarters in Paris.
The principles of remuneration should include the following elements: the
contribution of work, the interest of invested capital, profits from tenancy, and
education and professional specialization being of value to the farm. The salary
shouldn't be lower than the minimal wage (so called SMIG) and higher than six
times this rate.
The most important three problems for the further development of group
agriculture are: 1) the two-persons gaecs (mostly father and son), 2) the professional
work and the scope of responsibility of women, that means their social status,
3) employment of hired labor in gaecs. Concerning the last problem, one can
distinguish three kinds of attitudes: first, the opinion that the hired laborer is necessary
and justified in gaecs; second, hired labor is contrary to the ideal and
principles of a gaec; third, the attitudes of rural laborers about their role in gaecs,
based rather on psychological criteria. The attitude of trade unions is particular
because they are very often against the membership of rural workers in gaecs.
The gaecs are criticized by different social milieus, even by progressive ones,
although this form of farming is not denied to have some definite advantages and
te be successful within certain limits.
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Keywords
Citation
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny 34, 1972, z. 1, s. 169-193
Seria
ISBN
ISSN
0035-9629