XIII wiek - stulecie przełomu w dziejach średniowiecznego szkolnictwa w Polsce
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Date
2009
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Poznańskie Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Nauk we współpracy z Zakładem Historii Wychowania, WSE UAM
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The thirteenth century - a breakthrough century in the history of the medieval system of education in Poland
Abstract
The 13th century in the Piast Poland was marked by a feudal fragmentation of the Polish
Kingdom and was heavily burdened with the deepening political disruption of the country resulting
in economic and military weakening of the component principalities (dukedoms) of the country.
This, in the next century, eventually led to some of the provinces falling into dependencies upon
the Kingdom of Bohemia. However, what was destructive and divisive from the perspective of
political history, offered a stimulating dimension for the history of culture and education, for the
period in question was characterized by a multiplication of chanceries throughout the whole of the
century, which, as a result, increased a demand for literate individuals. Colonization based on the
Magdeburg Law (a set of German town laws) and the influx of foreigners into Polish lands: chief
settlers (German: der Lokator), friars and monks from newly established Cistercian, Dominican
and Franciscan orders as well as knights in service of ducal courts or representing military orders,
in short, people deeply rooted in Western legal tradition, capable of making use of documents or
written legal codification, boosted the phenomenon even more. The development of towns, trade
relations between the principalities as well as international trade facilitated the emergence of
capital that, alternatively, could also be used in founding schools of all kind. A considerable
influence upon the following leaping increase in the number of schools and the quality of teaching
standards in the country came from ecclesiastical synods and councils whose legislation regulated
many relevant activities and issues related to management of schools, levels of education for
applicants for teaching posts, or, more broadly, created appropriate intellectual climate favourable
for further development of the schooling system. A number of the above factors, as well as other
factors discussed in the body of the article, were decisive in making the thirteenth century
a particularly significant period in the historical process of the development of Polish literary and
educational culture.
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Keywords
Historia szkolnictwa, Edukacja w średniowieczu
Citation
Biuletyn Historii Wychowania, 2009, nr 25, s. 7-20.