Etatyzm w polityce gospodarczej państwa kapitalistycznego
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Date
1988
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Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM
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"Etatism" in economic policy of a capitalist state
Abstract
Etatism, one of the forms of state interventionism, is defined in the literature
as a means of economic policy consisting in earring out by the capitalist state
direct economic activity, with the state being an enterpreneur acting on its account
and risk. While state interventionism denotes all possible forms of state
intervention in economic processes, etatism is treated as a policy of active shaping
the economic life by the state as an economic subject using direct means.
Etatism still occupies an important place in political economy of capitalist
countries, especially those being in the state-monopolistic stage. Despite this, in
our economic literature (including university handbooks) and contrary to the
situation in years 1918 - 1939, etatism is not called "by its name" and is tacitly
identified with state interventionism. Furthermore, etatism is not reflected in
classifications and characteristics of means of state interventionism. It makes it
difficult or even impossible to understand the essence of etatism, its role in state
interventionist policy and the results of its application in particular developmental
stages of capitalism. Therefore, in the article an attempt to present in a historical
perspective the process of applying etatism in economic policy of a capitalistic
state has been undertaken.
State property has existed in capitalism since the early days of that formation.
In fact it was reduced (besides the period of the rise of capitalism within feudalism)
to some spheres (to a so-called public utility sphere) and as such it played
a passive role in the mechanism of functioning of economy.
The formation of state property and etatism after the 2nd World War in
conditions of a structural crisis of monopolistic capitalism brought about the in elusion of the economic role of the state into the mechanism of functioning of the
economy. The purpose of the state in state-monopolistic capitalism was to introduce
structural, organizational and market changes in the economy through
direct and indirect means of interference. In that process etatismy is the fullest
expression of state interference in economic life.
Attempts at reprivatisation carried out in recent years by conservative governments
of some capitalist states do not mean any intention to return to
liberal economy. They are mostly connected with the change in the structure of
state property. The state continues to possess and develop those branches of
economy which in its opinion have priority for a further economic developments
The problem consists not in rejecting state interventionism, including etatism
but in the scope and forms of state interference in economic processes.
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Citation
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny 50, 1988, z. 1, s. 141-153