Pojęcie winy w prawie karnym -próba analizy krytycznej na tle ujęcia relacyjnego. W sprawie definicji winy -replika (Wojciech Patryas )
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Date
1992
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Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM
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The concept of guilt in criminal law - an attempt of a critical analysis in the light of the relation approach
Abstract
The article present a critical analysis of two representative concepts of guilt in criminal law
(so called normative and psychological theories). In these theories, the definitions of guilt are
formulated in the form of classical definitions, i.e. in the way which is not adequate to the semiotic
essence of the defined term. From a semiotic point of view "guilt" is a name of a certain relation;
hence, the author accepts in principle a so-called relation approach to guilt presented by W. Patryas.
However, the author criticizes the selection of elements of the quilt relation proposed by W.
Patryas. In a legal sense the term "guilt" retains its sense as long as there exists criminal legislation
of a given type. In other words, non-classical definition of the guilt relation should be constructed
so that the elements of this relation were: (i) behavior of an offender, and (ii) description
of behavior contained in a legislative act, including modalities connected with an offender and
with the situation in which he or she acted. Guilt can be ascribed, if there is the relation of
accordance between the offenders behavior (extralingual reality) and the description of this behavior.
A definition of guilt must therefore be of extralingual character (analogy to A. Tarski's semantic
definition of truth). The relation approach to guilt cannot be reconciled with the dogma of
degrees of guilt. This may lead either to the rejection of the relation approach, or to the revision of
traditional views held by legal doctrine.
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Citation
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny, 54, 1992, z. 3, s. 11-25