System informacji o środowisku przyrodniczym w ocenie problemów sozologicznych gmin (na przykładzie gminy Komorniki)
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Date
2008
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Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk
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Abstract
The advancing human impact gives rise to
two fundamental problems, the solution of which
is a precondition for a proper socio-economic
development in the future. One is the protection
of man's living environment in order to conserve
or restore the natural equilibrium. The
other is the moulding of the natural environment
understood as measures taken to achieve
the intended economic goals while preserving
the mentioned natural equilibrium. An indispensable
tool in the management of natural
resources at the local level should be comprehensive
and efficient systems of information
about the natural environment, making it possible
to obtain, update, process, analyse, and
publish spatially referenced data. It has been
estimated that some 75-90% of information used
in commune management is associated with
location in space. The relations are similar at the
level of a region. The importance of an efficient
information system in pursuing a local policy
based on sustainable development principles is
therefore undisputable.
In response to this demand, a system of
environmental information has been worked out
for Komorniki commune, a spectacular example
of an urbanised rural unit located in the zone of
strong functional-spatial links of the city of
Poznań. The system rests on "GIS-4 Technical
Directives. A Sozological Map of Poland at
a Scale of 1:50,000", and in particular on its
integral element - a database describing over
100 phenomena characterising the state of the
natural environment. A sozological map - a unique
cartographic document embracing a wide
range of information about the natural environment
- is primarily a thought-out, implemented
and operational system of spatial information
meeting all the characteristics of a geographic
information system (GIS). Owing to the scale of
the map (1 :50,000), its use as an instrument of
management of natural resources is limited to
the regional level (e.g. a poviat - county) because
at the local (commune) level the data
collected at this scale are not precise enough. As
a system of information about the structure of
a database defined at the regional level, however,
it provides an excellent basis for developing
local systems. A conception of such a database
developed and adjusted to the a scale of
1:10,000 is presented in this article. The first
stage in the ordering and processing (integration)
of data was referring the structure of the
data to the particular components of the natural
environment so as to obtain information about
the state of the entire environmental system.
The source of data for the base was information
collected directly through field mapping as well
as topographic maps, a soil map, a map of
forest habitat types, and data from offices and
specialised institutions. They were supplemented
with the results of spatial and statistical
analyses performed using Maplnfo Professional
program applications.
Thus prepared, the system of information
about the natural environment made it possible
to diagnose the chief sozological problems of
Komorniki commune and to present in a spatial
approach the factors and processes determining
the quality of life of the local community.
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Citation
Badania Fizjograficzne, Seria A, Tom 59, 2008, s. 61-75
ISBN
978-83-706357-0-1