Przebieg i charakter zjawisk lodowych na rzece Łebie
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Date
2016
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Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk
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Abstract
This article presents the course and the variability of forms of ice phenomena in selected parts of
the river Łeba based on data from the water gauge stations in Miłoszewo, Lebork and Cecenowo between 1960
and 2013. The authors’ intention was to elaborate complete characteristics of the ice phenomena course against
the changes in the air temperature, as the main factor determining the ice phenomena on the river. Data from
meteorological stations in Lębork and Łeba were used to analyse the forms and types of ice in the various parts
of the river in its upper, middle and lower courses. The work does not include only natural factors of a significant
impact on the course and form of ice phenomena; account has also been taken of the impact of human
activity, including the transformation of the river bed to change the form and duration of individual ice phenomena
in specific sections of the river. Based on the studies one may conclude that all possible genetic types of
ice occurred on the river. Ice edge appeared most frequently with the river freezing only partially (46%). The
second most common form was ice cover (21%). There were also ice jams and frazil ice but only in the upper
and the lower courses of the river where the impact of human pressure is negligible or altogether non-existent,
and the river follows its natural course. In the middle course of the river where a dam has been built (Lębork),
ice phenomena such as ice blockage or ice cover do not exist. In the entire 53-year period of the observations,
in general there were no effects of the ice on the river in three years. In the remaining 50 years, ice appeared
regularly. A very clear downward trend in the number of days in which ice occurred was observed on the river,
especially after 1987. This situation is directly related to an increase in the average air temperature in winter.
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Keywords
ice phenomena, the Łeba River, variability of air temperature, river ice, human impact
Citation
Badania Fizjograficzne, Seria A, Tom 67, 2016, s. 99-117