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Znaczenie wegetarianizmu dla rozwoju w okresie adolescencji i wyłaniającej się dorosłości. Perspektywa osób stosujących diety wegetariańskie
(2026) Brzezińska, Adrianna Oliwia; Jankowiak, Barbara. Promotor
Adolescencja jest ostatnią fazą rozwojową, która pojawia się przed osiągnięciem dorosłości i obejmuje ona czas między 12/13 a 18/20 rokiem życia (Erikson, 1959). Obecnie jednak, ze względu na szereg zmian, które pojawiły się w ostatnich latach, proces stawania się osobą dorosłą wygląda inaczej niż kilkadziesiąt lat temu (Brzezińska i in., 2011). W odpowiedzi na to wyodrębniono nowy okres rozwojowy, który nazwano wyłaniającą się dorosłością i który przypada na około 18-25 rok życia (Arnett, 2000). Rozwój w tym okresie życia człowieka odbywa się na wielu obszarach, a znaczenie odgrywają tu różnorodne czynniki. Ponadto, wegetarianizm i diety wegetariańskie, będące trendem niezwykle szybko rozwijającym się w ciągu ostatnich lat, nie pozostają bez znaczenia na rozwój młodych ludzi. Choć ich oddziaływanie na planetę i środowisko jest już dość dobrze znane i opisane, wciąż niewiele wiadomo o znaczeniu jakie mają dla szeroko rozumianego rozwoju osób będących w okresie adolescencji i wyłaniającej się dorosłości. Celem niniejszej rozprawy było więc poznanie znaczenia wegetarianizmu dla rozwoju adolescentów i wyłaniających się dorosłych stosujących diety wegetariańskie z ich własnej perspektywy. Badanie przeprowadzone w ramach niniejszej rozprawy jest badaniem jakościowym wykorzystującym zbiorowe studium przypadku. W celu zebrania danych zastosowano indywidualne wywiady pogłębione częściowo ustrukturyzowane. W badaniu wzięło udział 25 osób będących w wieku adolescencji i wyłaniającej się dorosłości (15–25 lat) mających minimum roczne doświadczenie stosowania wybranej przez siebie diety wegetariańskiej. Metodą analizy danych jest analiza treści. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych wywiadów wyłoniłam kategorie, które stanowią przykłady opisywanych doświadczeń, a więc indywidualnych perspektyw respondentów na temat badanego zjawiska. Wyniki pokazują, że badane osoby postrzegają wegetarianizm na wiele różnych sposobów. Wskazywano także na aspekty mające znaczenie dla ich rozwoju fizycznego, psychicznego, tożsamości oraz społeczno-kulturowego.
Adolescence is the final stage of development before reaching adulthood and typically spans the period between the ages of 12/13 and 18/20 (Erikson, 1959). However, due to a number of changes that have occurred in recent years, the process of becoming an adult looks different now than it did several decades ago (Brzezińska et al., 2011). In response to these changes, a new developmental period has been identified—emerging adulthood, which generally occurs between the ages of 18 and 25 (Arnett, 2000). Development during this stage of life takes place across many areas and is influenced by a variety of factors. Additionally, vegetarianism and vegetarian diets, which have rapidly gained popularity in recent years, may also play a role in the development of young people. While their impact on the planet and the environment is relatively well known and documented, much less is known about their significance for the overall development of individuals in adolescence and emerging adulthood. The aim of this dissertation was to explore the significance of vegetarianism for the development of adolescents and emerging adults who follow vegetarian diets, from their own perspective. The study was qualitative in nature and employed a collective case study design. Data were collected through partially structured in-depth individual interviews. The study involved 25 participants aged 15 to 25, who had been following a self-chosen vegetarian diet for at least one year. The data were analyzed using content analysis. Based on the interviews, I identified categories that reflect the participants’ personal experiences and individual perspectives on the studied phenomenon. The findings indicate that the participants perceive vegetarianism in various ways. They also pointed to aspects that were significant for their physical, psychological, identity-related, and socio-cultural development.
Powtórka z historii rozrywki. Słowianie i fantastyka
(Grupa Wydawnicza FNCE, 2025) Frankiewicz, Mateusz; Michalski, Maciej; Wojtczak, Jakub
Motywy słowiańskie były obecne w kulturze od dawna, ale we współczesności zyskały nowe znaczenia i funkcje. Zaprezentowane teksty tworzą otwarty zbiór refleksji nad relacjami między słowiańskością a fantastyką. Choć badania nad tą problematyką nie są jeszcze silnie zakorzenione w nauce, istnieje sporo popularnych (często pseudonaukowych) publikacji na ten temat. Na szczęście także te teksty mogą stać się przedmiotem rzetelnej analizy naukowej - w ramach badań nad mediewalizmem, recepcją mitu słowiańskiego czy funkcjonowaniem kultury historycznej.
Investigations into Entailment and Knowledge
(Wydawnictwo Nauk Społecznych i Humanistycznych UAM, 2025-12-11) Wiśniewski, Andrzej
The concept of semantic consequence, or briefly entailment, is of basic importance to logic. Chapter 1 is devoted to a generalization of the concept. A semantic relation between a family of sets of propositions and a set of propositions, dubbed generalized entailment, is defined and examined. The underlying intuition is: if each set in the family contains a true proposition, then the entailed set contains a true proposition. The above condition gains intuitive plausibility when one thinks of sets of propositions as representing search spaces rather than knowledge bases. Single- and multiple-conclusion entailments are definable in terms of generalized entailment. Chapter 2 is devoted to some special case of generalized entailment, dubbed constructive generalized entailment.
Chapter 3 presents a logical calculus which offers a uniform proof-mechanism for proofs of valid formulas, refutations of inconsistent formulas, and refutations of contingent formulas.
Chapter 4 takes under scrutiny two basic approaches to the nature of propositional knowledge, namely the knowledge as true belief “plus something else” account and the knowledge as true conviction account. Three, so far unnoticed, problems/paradoxes concerning knowledge conceived these ways are pointed out and discussed. Chapter 5, in turn, proposes a change in perspective. The concept of being epistemically permitted is introduced. In general, being epistemically permitted is different from being epistemically possible and from being known; the latter concepts can be defined in terms of the former, however. A relation akin to entailment, dubbed transmission of epistemic permittance, is then defined and analysed.
In Chapters 6 and 7 two concepts of single- and multiple-conclusion entailment, based on the idea of minimality, are introduced and studied. The analysed entailments, dubbed “strong,” have some intuitively plausible properties which their standard counterparts lack. Chapter 8 is devoted to the issue of emplacement of strong entailments among alternative proposals, including classical, relevant and connexive stances. Chapter 9 presents an application of the concept of strong single-conclusion entailment in the area of belief revision. Some proof-theoretic accounts of strong entailments are offered in Chapter 10. Chapter 11 briefly indicates how the formal apparatus introduced in the previous chapter can be employed in analysing further issues.
Analiza genologiczna preambuł polskich aktów prawnych z lat 1918-2018 ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem wpływu ich budowy składniowej na prezentowane wartości
(2026) Kosmalska, Weronika; Rybka, Małgorzata; Smolak, Marek
Rozprawa doktorska poświęcona jest analizie gatunkowej preambuł polskich aktów prawnych z lat 1918–2018. Jej celem było określenie cech kanonicznego wzorca preambuły oraz wskazanie kierunków przemian tego gatunku w ciągu stulecia, z uwzględnieniem trzech bytów państwowych: II RP, PRL i III RP. Badania przeprowadzono w oparciu o koncepcję genologii lingwistycznej Marii Wojtak, obejmując aspekty pragmatyczny, semantyczny,formalny, stylistyczny i kulturowy. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono ukształtowaniu składniowemu preambuł, traktując składnię jako narzędzie precyzyjnego wyrażania i hierarchizowania wartości. W tym celu wykonano statystyczne analizy składniowe 309 preambuł, zestawiając ich wyniki z innymi typami tekstów prawnych i nienormatywnych. Rozszerzenie badań o składnię semantyczną pozwoliło ocenić wpływ budowy zdań na aksjologię tekstów oraz na relację między wyrażaniem kanonu wartości a perswazyjną funkcją władzy. Analizy, prowadzone osobno dla każdego okresu historycznego, uwzględniały kontekst polityczno-społeczny, zasady techniki prawodawczej, kondycję języka prawnego i aksjologię prawodawcy. Efektem pracy jest charakterystyka wzorca kanonicznego preambuły, identyfikacja jego alternacji i adaptacji oraz klasyfikacja i hierarchizacja wartości właściwych poszczególnym okresom historycznym.
The doctoral dissertation analyses the genological structure of preambles to Polish legal acts from 1918–2018. Its aim is to identify the features of the canonical preamble model and to determine directions of its evolution across three state formations: the Second Polish Republic, the Polish People’s Republic, and the Third Polish Republic. The study is based on Maria Wojtak’s framework of linguistic genology and covers pragmatic, semantic, formal, stylistic, and cultural aspects. Special attention is given to syntactic structure, treated as a tool for the precise expression and hierarchical organization of values. Statistical syntactic analyses of 309 preambles were conducted and compared with results obtained for other legal and non-legal texts. The inclusion of semantic syntax allows for an assessment of the influence of syntactic form on axiological content and on the balance between expressing a societal value system and exercising persuasive authority. Analyses were carried out separately for each period, with due regard to the political and socio-cultural context, principles of legislative drafting, the state of legal language, and the lawmaker’s axiological assumptions. The study results in a description of the canonical preamble model, its alternations and adaptations, and a classification of period-specific values.
Attitudes towards Medically Assisted Reproduction among Students in Three Euro-Mediterranean Countries
(Wydział Filozoficzny UAM, 2025-12-31) Tutić Grokša, Ivana; Depope, Ana; Trako Poljak, Tijana; Buterin. Toni; Doričić, Robert; Rinčić, Iva; Gensabella, Marianna; Zagorac, Ivana; Eterović, Igor; Kalokairinou, Eleni; Kaluđerović, Željko; Guć, Josip; Vantsos, Miltiadis; Giacobello, Maria Laura; Muzur, Amir
Human reproduction has traditionally been an important issue in medical ethics. Advances in medical technology and the development of medically assisted reproduction (MAR) procedures are creating new bioethical dilemmas. This study is based on a quantitative approach using the survey method on a convenience sample of students (N=1097) from five universities from four fields of study – Medicine, Law, Theology and Philosophy – in Croatia, Greece and Italy. The aim of this study was to investigate students’ attitudes towards various aspects of medically assisted reproduction. Three hypotheses were tested using t-tests and ANOVA to examine differences in attitudes based on variables such as country, field of study, gender, year of study, religiosity, political orientation, financial status and size of their place of residence. Despite sharing a common Mediterranean cultural heritage, students from Italy showed a greater disapproval of MAR, but due to the small effect size, this difference should be interpreted with caution and the hypothesis could not be fully confirmed. In addition, Theology students had statistically significantly more negative attitudes toward MAR. Regarding differences in students’ socio-demographic characteristics, women, older students, individuals who are not religious and those who are politically left-oriented tended to have more liberal attitudes toward MAR. The results enable further reflection on the concept of Mediterranean Bioethics. These findings highlight how disciplinary background and religiosity shape ethical attitudes toward MAR within the Mediterranean context.
Ethical AI in Healthcare: A Comprehensive Review Addressing Privacy, Security, and Fairness
(Wydział Filozoficzny UAM, 2025-12-31) Nkrumah, Ivy Payne; Engmann, Felicia; Adu-Manu, Kofi Sarpong
The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into healthcare presents both transformative potential and profound ethical challenges. This paper examines how ethical principles, such as transparency, fairness, accountability, and privacy, are applied and operationalised in healthcare AI. Using a structured narrative review approach, we analysed over 70 peer-reviewed empirical studies, policy documents, and regulatory frameworks that span applications in clinical decision support systems, diagnostics, mental health interventions and personalised medicine. Particular attention is given to the perspectives of diverse stakeholders, including patients, clinicians, data scientists and regulators. We assess fairness using demographic parity and equalised odds and evaluate transparency via explainability metrics and auditability practices. Our findings highlight the persistent issues of demographic bias, lack of stakeholder participation, and regulatory fragmentation. We propose a typology of responsible AI metrics, including data representativeness indices, fairness-accuracy trade-off scores, and human-AI oversight benchmarks, that can guide the ethical evaluation and deployment of AI models. By emphasising intersectionality, contextual equity, and co-designed governance, this study moves beyond generic ethical appeals to concrete implementation strategies. Our contribution offers a practical and interdisciplinary roadmap for aligning AI innovation with patient-centred values, institutional accountability, and evolving EU regulatory standards in the healthcare sector.
Reproducing Binary Sex: The Post-pandemic Theories from a Gender and Normative Perspective
(Wydział Filozoficzny UAM, 2025-12-31) Liotzis, Vangelis
During the notorious collective experience of COVID-19 pandemic, the prospect of a better future was featured in public interventions in the light of the recent painful circumstance. The theories of the post-pandemic world were prominent in this debate. This article attempts to examine some of them in order to investigate how broader social theories integrate the gender perspective. From the approximately forty English-language monographs by important scholars and thinkers which have characterised the relevant body of work, only ten of them have been found to contain explicit gendered references. Those were the selected sample of an analysis which was conducted from a social constructionist point of view articulated with a (neuro)feminist perspective. Despite the epistemological and methodological advances in the study of gender relations, the long dominant approach of binary sex constituted the basic framework of the analyses in the examined post-pandemic theories. This is a choice that does not advance the public debate on gender relations, since it de facto ignores and silences the multiplicity of gender identities and intersectional premises.
Reconceptualizing Consumer Responsibility: From Rosters to Philosophy
(Wydział Filozoficzny UAM, 2025-12-30) McGregor, Sue
Conceptual papers reflect a researcher’s theoretical thoughts and philosophical speculations about a topic and are especially useful for generating ideas that incentivize theory development. This conceptual paper shares a philosophical reconceptualization of consumer responsibility, which people traditionally approach using rosters of corresponding responsibilities and rights. After profiling rosters from both the United Nations and Consumers International, the consumer responsibility phenomenon was reconceptualized through three philosophical queries: (a) what is it to be responsible (moral reasoning, feelings, or virtue/character trait); (b) what is a person responsible for (past and future orientation — retrospection and prospection); and (c) before whom is someone responsible (self-attribution versus diffusion)? Future researchers are encouraged to use this new conceptual framework to study and theorize the different ways people might philosophically understand being responsible consumers.
Is There Any Equal Opportunity Approach in Latin America? A Systematic Review 2014-2024
(Wydział Filozoficzny UAM, 2025-12-31) Carbajal-Camberos, Juan Pablo
This paper presents the results of a systematic literature review examining the evolution of contemporary Theories of Justice, Egalitarianism, and the Principle of Equality of Opportunity in Latin American countries from 2014 to 2024. It seeks to contribute perspectives from the Global South to the philosophical field, thereby enriching the dialogue on how egalitarian justice operates across diverse contexts. The study used three academic databases: Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. A total of 864 articles were initially identified, and after applying the PRISMA methodology, 64 papers were selected according to the established criteria. The analysis reveals that these works reflect a distinctly Latin American approach characterized by: Intrinsic Pluralist Egalitarianism (relational-distributive), Decolonial and Feminist Theoretical Influence, and Pragmatic Equality of Opportunity.
Aerial Digital Archaeology and Data Ethics through the Lens of Actor-Network Theory
(Wydział Filozoficzny UAM, 2025-12-31) Ros, Sayumphu
Actor-network theory emphasizes the importance of technology in archaeological research, particularly in aerial digital archaeology. It deconstructs objective narratives by revealing the complexity of knowledge production, including the archaeologist’s expertise, excavation tools, technology, and the researcher’s cultural background. Data are a dynamic output of the network, influenced by factors like tools, environment, and survey timing. The researcher’s cultural context also plays a role, as Western archaeologists may have different approaches and interpretations from those of researchers from developing countries. The theory also highlights the power dynamics of the network, with those controlling it – through technology, funding, and interpretation – wielding greater influence. This raises ethical concerns, especially in cases of “parachute science”, where foreign researchers conduct research in developing countries. A strong ethical framework is therefore needed to address these issues, and to promote collaboration and knowledge transfer. Actor-network theory encourages a more collaborative, ethically sound approach to understanding the past, especially when using aerial digital archaeology. This article systematically argues for such an approach.