Artykuły naukowe (WA)
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Browsing Artykuły naukowe (WA) by Author "Chmiel, Agnieszka"
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Item Boothmates forever? - On teamwork in a simultaneous interpreting booth(2008) Chmiel, AgnieszkaSimultaneous interpreting (SI) is a cognitively demanding task. This is why there are typically two interpreters working in a booth and taking turns every 30 minutes or so. Interpreters work in pairs not only to be able to overcome fatigue, but also to cooperate and help each other. This article is an attempt to shed some light on the process of booth teamwork. Cooperation in the booth is examined in the professional context, which leads to conclusions regarding the incorporation of this skill in conference interpreter training. A survey was conducted among 200 free-lance interpreters associated in AIIC and working on various markets to find out more about their expectations and needs as regards assistance from their booth partners. The respondents were asked about their mode of operation, activities in the booth when off-mike and their perception of the need to teach cooperation to interpretation trainees. It turns out that there are some factors that may impede teamwork in the simultaneous interpreting booth. Interpreters who are off-mike can engage in last-minute preparation using materials supplied by the organizers shortly before the commencement of a conference. Additionally, fatigue may prevent them from actively listening to the input and assisting their boothmate. The results of the survey may help answer the question if teamwork and turn-taking should be part of simultaneous interpreting courses.Item Directionality and context effects in word translation tasks performed by conference interpreters(2016) Chmiel, AgnieszkaProfessional interpreters employed by international institutions usually work into their L1 from their L2, while freelance interpreters tend to work both into and from their L1. A study was devised to see if the long-term interpreting unidirectional prac- tice (in the L2–L1 direction only), in contrast to bidirectional practice (in the L2–L1 and L1–L2 direction), influences the speed of lexical retrieval manifested through shorter translation latencies. Forty-eight professional conference interpreters pro- duced oral translations of nouns presented in isolation, in high context constraint sen- tences and in low context constraint sentences. Contrary to predictions, unidirectional interpreters did not manifest directionality asymmetry and their L2–L1 translation la- tencies were not shorter than L1–L2 translation latencies. Surprisingly, the L2–L1 di- rection advantage was found in the group of bidirectional interpreters. The data sug- gest that the dominant directionality in interpreting practice has little impact on the strength of interlingual lexical links in the interpreter’s mental lexicon or that other factors (such as language use, exposure and immersion) might offset any such im- pact. The study also revealed an expected context effect, which shows that interpret- ers use semantic constraint to anticipate sentence-final words.Item Meaning and words in the conference interpreter’s mind – effects of interpreter training and experience in a semantic priming study(Benjamins, 2018-03-02) Chmiel, AgnieszkaThe aim of the study was to examine how interpreter training and experience influence word recognition and cross-linguistic connections in the bilingual mental lexicon. Sixty-eight professional interpreters, interpreter trainees (tested at the beginning and end of their training) and bilingual controls were asked to complete a semantic priming study. Priming is a psycholinguistic research method used to examine connections between words and languages in the mind. Data analysis conducted by means of linear mixed models revealed that advanced trainees recognised words faster than beginners, but were not outperformed by professionals. A priming effect was found only in the L1-L2 direction, suggesting similar asymmetries between languages irrespective of the interpreting experience. It is the first study to adopt a priming paradigm and a longitudinal design to examine the interpreters’ mental lexicon. The study shows that word recognition is faster due to interpreter training, but is not modulated further by interpreting experience.Item Odzwierciedlenie percepcji osób widzących w opisie dla osób niewidomych. Badania oku- lograficzne nad audiodeskrypcją(2011) Mazur, Iwona; Chmiel, AgnieszkaAudiodeskryptorzy często zastanawiają się, co uwzględnić w opisie, jak uporządkować opisywane elementy i co ominąć ze względu na ograniczenia czasowe. Warto zatem przeanalizować, jak osoby widzące postrzegają sceny filmowe i w jakim stopniu audiodeskrypcja może wpływać na taką percepcję. Artykuł opisuje pierwszy etap badania okulograficznego. Uczestnicy oglądali fragmenty filmu "Maria Antonina" w reż. Sofii Coppoli, a następnie odpowiadali na pytania. W analizie danych uwzględniono liczbę fiksacji i całkowity czas obserwacji poszczególnych pól. Wyniki mogą być przyczynkiem do rozwoju audiodeskrypcji, ponieważ pokazują, jak percepcję osób widzących należy odzwierciedlić w opisie, aby ułatwić zrozumienie scen filmowych osobom z dysfunkcją wzroku.Item Towards common European audio description guidelines: Results of the Pear Tree Project(2012) Mazur, Iwona; Chmiel, AgnieszkaThe article reports on the Pear Tree Project (PTP), conducted as part of the Media for All project whose original aim was to develop audio description (AD) guidelines in Europe in order to ensure consistent high quality AD. However, before streamlining AD standards, a number of issues had to be addressed, the most essential one being whether relevant cross-linguistic and cross-cultural differences in Europe are insignificant enough to enable the development of such common European AD guidelines. In order to answer these questions a methodology proposed by Chafe (1980) concerning the way representatives of various cultures and languages perceive and describe moving images was adopted by a group of AD researchers in the PTP. Participants from various countries were asked to watch a short film and recount what they saw. The data were then subjected to comparative lexical, discourse and narrative analysis in order to uncover both similarities and differences in the processing of visual information by representatives of the languages and cultures concerned. The results and their analysis will be presented in the paper on the basis of which the authors will attempt to provide an answer to the question of whether creating common European audio description guidelines is feasible.