Browsing by Author "Bednorz, Ewa"
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Item Atlas klimatu Polski (1991–2020)(Bogucki Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 2022) Tomczyk, Arkadiusz; Bednorz, EwaItem Charakterystyka termiczna wklęsłej formy terenowej w okresie letnim 2010 r. na przykładzie zagłębienia międzywydmowego w Słowińskim Parku Narodowym(Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk, 2011) Kolendowicz, Leszek; Bednorz, EwaThe study is based on the measurements carried out on the Łeba Sandbar in the vicinity of the terrain station of the Department of Climatology, Adam Mickiewicz University in the period from 5 July 2010 to 6 August 2010. The interdune concave, close to the seashore, was chosen to recognize the microclimatic features of the hollow terrain form. Five measurement points were established within this hollow form: on the western, southern, eastern and northern slope and at the bottom of the concave. Thermal characteristic of each point was accomplished and thermal conditions within the hollow terrain form were described. At the same time, a description of weather conditions at standard surface has been performed, on the basis of the data from the automatic meteorological station located in the vicinity. The analysis has been made for the whole period and, separately, for the days with radiant weather.Item Charakterystyka topoklimatyczna fragmentu wybrzeża klifowego w rejonie Białej Góry (Woliński Park Narodowy)(Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk, 2009) Bednorz, Ewa; Kolendowicz, Leszek; Szyga-Pluta, KatarzynaW opracowaniu wykorzystano pomiary: albedo, bilansu promieniowania, temperatury i wilgotnooeci wzglêdnej z siedmiu stanowisk obserwacyjnych rozlokowanych w profilu poprzecznym do brzegu morskiego od pla¿y do buczyny na wysoczyŸnie morenowej. Stwierdzono zró¿nicowany przebieg dobowy analizowanych elementów meteorologicznych, zale¿ny od konfiguracji i pokrycia terenu. Punkty pomiarowe zlokalizowane na obszarze ods³oniêtym charakteryzuj¹ siê wiêkszymi amplitudami temperatury i wilgotnooeci powietrza ni¿ usytuowane na terenie zalesionym czy na stokach klifu. Wystawienie na bezpooerednie promieniowanie s³oneczne powoduje znaczny wzrost temperatury przy pogodzie bezchmurnej. Ods³oniêcie terenu pozwala te¿ na wiêksze wypromieniowanie w zakresie d³ugofalowym w nocy, co obni¿a poranne minimum temperatury. Specyficzn¹ termik¹ charakteryzuje siê obszar pla¿y.Wyniki pomiarów potwierdzaj¹ oddzia³ywanie Ba³tyku, który znacz¹co zmniejsza dobow¹ amplitudê temperatury powietrza. Termika analizowanych stanowisk pomiarowych jest oecioele powi¹zana z wartooeci¹ bilansu radiacyjnego, która g³ównie zale¿y od natê¿enia bezpooeredniego promieniowania S³oñca docieraj¹cego do pod³o¿a, albedo oraz pojemnooeci cieplnej gruntu.Item Climatology of hail in central Europe(Wydział Nauk Geograficznych i Geologicznych Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza, 2013) Suwała, Katarzyna; Bednorz, EwaTaking into consideration the spatial variability of the occurrence of hail in central Europe in the warm season (April – September) during the years 1966-2010, five hail regions were distinguished by Ward’s group hierarchy method. For this purpose the daily data of hail occurrence were used. Circulation patterns responsible for hail precipitation at each cluster of stations were analysed using Reanalysis data (NCEP/NCAR). Composite maps of the sea-level pressure, 500 hPa geopotential height and 850 hPa-level temperature means were constructed for the days with hail. Additionally, anomalies of the values of each parameter were presented. It was found that more than 65% of hail events were recorded from April to June, with May as the hail-peak month. In all five distinguished regions hail precipitation was associated with negative anomalies of SLP and 500 hPa heights over Europe, most often with low-pressure systems developing within colder than usual air mass.Item Cyrkulacyjne warunki występowania ekstremalnych opadów atmosferycznych na Spitsbergenie(Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk, 2014) Bednorz, Ewa; Jakielczyk, MartaCirculation conditions of extreme precipitation at Spitsbergen were analyzed in this study at the basis of daily data from 1981–2010 from the Svalbard Lufthavn station. The mean annual precipitation in Svalbard Lufthavn amounts to 189.1 mm. The most of extreme daily precipitation cases appear in autumn and winter. It is related to high frequency of deep polar cyclones in the cold part of the year, which bring snow and rain to the Svalbard Archipelago. The highest daily precipitation at Spitsbergen is observed during cyclonal circulation from south-western or western direction. In summer and autumn abundant precipitation is caused by local cyclones appearing right over or northwest to the island. In winter and spring the pressure pattern typical for the days with abundant precipitation characterizes with a thorough of low pressure spreading from the Icelandic Low through the Fram Strait to the Arctic. These circulation patterns are usually accompanied with higher-than-normal pressure over Scandinavia and northern Europe and high pressure gradients over the North Atlantic.Item Daily course of the soil temperature in summer in chosen ecosystems of Słowiński National Park, northern Poland.(Wydział Nauk Geograficznych i Geologicznych Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza, 2010) Bednorz, Ewa; Kolendowicz, LeszekPatterns of the daily changes of the soil temperature in summer at three different ecosystems within the Słowiński National Park were analyzed. Strong correlation between the solar radiation and the soil temperature was found, particularly for the bare sandy surfaces, while the plant and humus cover hampers the solar energy fl ux to the soil. In the same way, correlations between the temperature of soil surface and the air temperature were computed. Finally, logarithmic models for the relationship between the global solar radiation and the soil surface temperature and between the soil surface temperature and the air temperature were constructed.Item Kontynentalizm termiczny w Europie(Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk, 2015) Witek, Michał; Bednorz, Ewa; Forycka-Ławniczak, HannaFive indices of thermal continentality were computed for 84 stations in Europe and shown in the maps. The thermal continentality in Europe is spatially variable and increases eastward and southward from the northwestern shores towards Asia. Continental features are distinct in the interior of the Iberian Peninsula and in the northeastern part of the Scandinavian Peninsula, despite their small distance from the Atlantic Ocean. Most continentality indices (Chromow’s, Ewert’s, Conrad’s, Johansson-Ringleb’s) reveal a similar spatial pattern of thermal continentality in Europe, and they allow the continent to be divided into a western and eastern part along meridian 20–25°E. Marsz’s index, which takes into consideration the level of oceanity, indicates a narrow zone along the northwestern shore as oceanic and the remaining part of Europe as continental.Item Lokalne zróżnicowanie parametrów wiatru na Mierzei Łebskiej (Słowiński Park Narodowy)(Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk, 2010) Bednorz, Ewa; Kolendowicz, LeszekThe daily course of wind speed and direction over chosen active surfaces close to the sea shore on the Łeba Bar have been analysed. Measurements took place in the vicinity of the field station of the Department of Climatology, Adam Mickiewicz University in the period from the 1st of July until 25th of August 2009. Two measurement posts, representing different morphological and plant zones were chosen: 1) the frontal dune, 2) coniferous forest, and additionally, the measurements from an automatic meteorological station, located at the grey dune in the topographic low behind the frontal dune, were used. The daily cycle of wind speed changes, with its maximum in the early afternoon and minimum at night, was identified at both measurement posts. Wind speed decreases towards the land interior. The difference of a few hundred meters distance from the sea shore between posts 1 and 2 causes substantial decrease in wind speed. Additionally, the topography of the second post, which is located in the forest, in the depression behind the frontal dune, strongly reduces wind speed. The breeze circulation was weak during the measurement period while the macroscale western circulation was dominant with shorter periods when the eastern flow dominated. The effect of the night breeze was expressed by southern deviation of wind direction and the daily breeze in the afternoon, whereas in the evening the northern directions dominated.Item Możliwości uprawiania narciarstwa biegowego w rejonie Poznania w kontekście śnieżności zim(Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk, 2008) Bednorz, Ewa; Bednorz, LeszekNarciarstwo biegowe jest jednym z najłatwiejszych, najprzyjemniejszych i najbardziej popularnych sportów zimowych. W Poznaniu i jego okolicach występują bardzo atrakcyjne tereny do uprawiania narciarstwa biegowego – rozległe i korzystnie rozlokowane obszary zieleni z licznymi ścieżkami pieszymi i rowerowymi. Poznań i znaczna część Wielkopolski należą do najmniej ośnieżonych obszarów w Polsce. Nie wyklucza to jednak możliwości uprawiania narciarstwa biegowego w naszym regionie. Odpowiednia ilość śniegu (pokrywa o grubości 8 cm) pojawia się w Poznaniu średnio przez 13 dni w sezonie zimowym (miesiące od grudnia do marca), jak wynika z analizy codziennej grubości pokrywy śnieżnej w latach 1970/1971–2006/2007. Zdarzają się jednak mało śnieżne zimy, kiedy pokrywa o wymaganej grubości nie pojawia się lub występuje krócej niż tydzień (łącznie 15 zim w badanym wieloleciu). Zanotowano też takie zimy, kiedy pokrywa śnieżna o grubości 8 cm utrzymywała się przez ponad dwa miesiące (zima 1978/1979) lub ponad miesiąc (3 sezony). Także cztery zimy z początku XXI w. można uznać za korzystne dla amatorów narciarstwa biegowego, kiedy to liczba dni z pokrywą śnieżną o grubości 8 cm była ponad przeciętna.Item Review of Polish contribution to snow cover research (1880–2017)(Wydział Nauk Geograficznych i Geologicznych Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza, 2018-03) Falarz, Małgorzata; Nowosad, Marek; Bednorz, Ewa; Rasmus, SirpaThe purpose of this article is to present the development of multifaceted research on snow cover conducted by Polish researchers in various parts of the world since the end of the 19th century up to the modern times. The paper describes Polish studies on physical and chemical properties of snow cover, its long-term changes, relationships between snow cover and climate, impact of snow cover on environmental conditions and human activity. This work is also an attempt to show the contribution of Polish snow-related research to the international achievements in this fields.Item Spatial distribution and synoptic conditions of snow accumulation and snow ablation in the West Siberian Plain(Wydział Nauk Geograficznych i Geologicznych Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza, 2015) Bednorz, Ewa; Wibig, JoannaThe mean duration of snow coverage in the West Siberian Plain is approximately eight months in the north to about five months in the south. While the period of intense snow melting is short (one or two months between March and May), snow accumulation persists for most of the cold season. Snow accumulation is associated with negative anomalies of sea level pressure, which means increased cyclonal activity and weaker than normal Siberian High. Much lower anomalies of sea level pressure occur during snow ablation. This suggests smaller influence of air circulation on snow cover reduction in spring.Item Synoptic conditions governing upwelling along the Polish Baltic coast(2013) Bednorz, Ewa; Półrolniczak, Marek; Czernecki, BartoszThe study analyses atmospheric feedback to the occurrence of upwelling along the Polish Baltic coast. Upwelling events were identified on the basis of daily mean sea surface temperature (SST) maps from the period 1982–2010 derived from the NOAA OI SST V2 High Resolution Dataset. Synoptic conditions favourable to the occurrence of upwelling were determined on the basis of the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data. On average, there are approximately 23 days with upwelling each year along the Polish Baltic coast, which account for approximately 13%Item Topoclimatic differentiation of the area of the Słowiński National Park, northern Poland.(Wydział Nauk Geograficznych i Geologicznych Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza, 2010) Kolendowicz, Leszek; Bednorz, EwaThe primary objective of the study was to elaborate a synthetic topoclimatic map of the area of the Słowiński National Park (SNP). The spatial scopes of individual types of topoclimate were distinguished using the method proposed by Paszyński (1999). Pursuant to this method, the topoclimatic classifi cation – and subsequently topoclimatic charting – is performed on the basis of an analysis of the exchange of energy between the atmosphere and its base. The research conducted allowed us to determine that the SNP contains 12 types of local climate, and also to designate the spatial scopes thereof.Item Variability of summer meteorological and biometeorological conditions in the Ebba Valley region (Central Spitsbergen)(Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk, 2014) Bednorz, Ewa; Kolendowicz, Leszek; Szpikowski, Józef; Małecki, JakubVariability of summer meteorological and biometeorological conditions on the topoclimatic scale in the 2008–2010 summer season in the Ebba Valley region (Central Spitsbergen) was investigated. Three measurement sites, representing different altitudes and topography, as well as different types of active surfaces typical of Spitsbergen, were chosen, where automatic, hourly recorded, measurements were taken. The mean diurnal course of the basic meteorological and biometeorological parameters (i.e. air surface temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and wind direction, global solar radiation, wind chill temperature, cooling power, etc.), was computed for each of the three sites, which demonstrated spatial and temporal variability of biometeorological and weather conditions. Furthermore, four relevant weather types which may appear in the summer in different environments represented by the three measurement sites were distinguished. They can be defined as follows: type 1 – cold and windy weather, type 2 – cold and wet weather, type 3 – sunny weather (moderately windy and relatively warm), type 4 – warm and cloudy weather. The characteristics and occurrence of each of these types were described.Item Warunki mikroklimatyczne we wnętrzu boru sosnowego na Mierzei Łebskiej(Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk, 2010) Kolendowicz, Leszek; Bednorz, EwaThe observed regularities concerning the differentiation of the temperature of individual layers of the pine forest point to the assumption by the tree crowns of the role of the active surface, which is served by the soil surface in the area devoid of vegetation. This is supported among others by the higher values of air temperature to a height of 6 m above ground level between 12.00–15.00 hours, this means during the maximum of the intensity of solar radiation (Molga 1970). Moreover the lowest values of air temperature appears to a bottom part of the pine forest above ground level between 15.00–8.00 hours. The inversion of temperature near the ground is a natural phenomenon in the night hours, particularly at dawn. If no compact vegetation layer is present, it comes into being during calm nights and in the predawn hours above the active surface (above the ground) due to the radiation of heat from the ground zone to higher layers of the atmosphere. Appearance of the cool layer in the bottom part of pine forest under the hight of 6–8 m above ground level during the points to the assumption of the role of the active surface by pine crowns at this very height (Molga 1970; Paszyński et al. 1999). Differences in temperature between the open area and the forest interior or the layer of air above the forest point to the differentiation of energy exchange processes, this being dependent on the nature of the active surface. The forest area is characterised by a clearly lower albedo value than the area of the grey sand dune upon which the MAWS 201 station is located. In addition, forest areas may accumulate a greater amount of heat during the day than the sandy soil covered with grassy vegetation. The stored heat, the quantity of which depends both on the heat capacity and the albedo value, is transferred to the atmosphere in the night. Thus, the layer of atmosphere above the forest is usually warmer at night than the air located above the ground not covered with dense and tall vegetation. During the day, the soil is considerably warmer than the active surface of the forest, which results from the lower heat capacity of the soil. For this reason, a considerably greater quantity of energy radiates in a longwave form than in the case of the forest, and thus the temperature of air above the ground during the day is higher (Paszyński et al. 1999). During the day, the interior of the forest is in turn cooler than the areas devoid of vegetation due to considerably weaker solar radiation reaching the forest bed. At night, however, due the emission of additional quantities of heat from the tall vegetation and the more difficult emission of energy from the forest soil to the atmosphere above the forest (due to its absorption by the vegetation), the temperature of air inside the forest is usually higher than in the area devoid of vegetation (Geiger 1942; Molga 1970). The distribution of humidity in individual layers of the researched forest community does not differ considerably from the results of research carried out on this topic by other authors. The greater content of water vapour in the air inside the forest in comparison with the open area results directly from the considerable intensity of evaporation of the lower active surface of the forest. The maintenance of the greatest air humidity in the lower zone of pine crowns is most probably connected with their additional transpiration (apart from the transpiration of vegetation of the forest bed) and low wind velocities, which make it possible for water vapour to gather and remain in this zone (Molga 1970).Item Wpływ makroskalowych typów cyrkulacji na występowanie pokrywy śnieżnej w Polsce Północo-Zachodniej(Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk, 2006) Bednorz, EwaCelem opracowania jest ustalenie wpływu czterech makroskalowych typów cyrkulacji, wyróżnionych nad obszarem Euroatlantyckim, na liczbę dni z pokrywą śnieżną w Polsce Północno-Zachodniej. Największy wpływ na śnieżność zim na badanym obszarze ma Oscylacja Północnoatlantycka (NAO). Korelacja liczby dni z pokrywa śnieżną z indeksem NAO jest najistotniejsza w styczniu i wynosi od –0,83 nad Bałtykiem do –0,65 na południowym wschodzie. Drugim najważniejszym typem cyrkulacji jest typ Wschodnioatlantycki (EA). Korelacja liczby dni z pokrywa śnieżną z indeksem EA jest największa na Pojezierzu Pomorskim (do –0,48 w styczniu) i na południowym wschodzie (do –0,44 w lutym). Na początku i na końcu zimy zaznacza się wpływ typu East Atlantic/Western Russia (EA/WR), który jest negatywnie skorelowany z występowaniem pokrywy śnieżnej. Istotny statystycznie związek występuje w północnej części badanego obszaru (Pobrzeże Bałtyku, Pojezierze Pomorskie i część Niziny Wielkopolskiej). Skandynawski typ cyrkulacji nie wpływa istotnie na pojawianie się pokrywy śnieżnej w Polsce Północno-Zachodniej.Item Wybrane przypadki obfitych opadów śniegu w Poznaniu(Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk, 2014) Bednorz, EwaComposite maps of the sea level pressure and 500 hPa geopotential heights means and anomalies were constructed for the days with the high snow accumulation in Poznań. Similar maps of the air temperature at the isobaric level 850 hPa and of precipitable water content were presented. Additionally, 48-hours back trajectories of air masses for chosen days with the most effective snowfalls were constructed, using the NOAA HYSPLIT model. Negative anomalies of sea level pressure and 500 hPa heights, which mean low pressure systems spreading over Europe, are the basic condition of abundant snowfalls in Poznań. Snowfalls may appear as a result of fronts in the colder parts of Mediterranean cyclones with the dynamic warm and humid air of distant southern origin climbing upwards on the cooler and more stabile polar air masses from the north or east. The alternative location of snow-bringing low pressure systems is the Baltic Sea region.Item Występowanie pokrywy śnieżnej w różnych masach powietrza na przykładzie Legnicy i Zamościa(Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk, 2005) Bednorz, Ewa; Więcław, MirosławThe relationships between the kind of air masses and snow cover occurrence in two stations: Legnica and Zamość were investigated, using daily snow cover depths and daily calendar of air masses for the years 1971-2000. The frequency of the days with snow cover in the different air masses was counted and furthermore, air masses favourable to increases and decreases in snow cover depth were singled out. Snow cover appears most often in arctic and polar-continental air masses. Arctic air is favourable to snowfalls, which lead to increases in the snow cover depth, while polar-continental air guaranties snow sustainment. Polarmaritime air which is the most frequent in Poland during the wintertime can also bring snowfalls, but in this air masses snow does not last long, because polar-maritime air is the most favourable to decreases in snow cover depth.Item Zmiany intensywności wyżu syberyjskiego i ich wpływ na temperaturę powietrza w środkowej Syberii(Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk, 2015) Bednorz, Ewa; Paczesna, MagdalenaOn the basis of daily data from Baseline Meteorological Data in Siberia, Version 5.0 for 5 stations located in central Siberia changes in the intensity of the Siberian High 1950–2008 and their impact on air temperature were examined. It was found that trends of the air pressure were negative in the centre of the Siberian High in the analysed period, particularly from the 1980s. The decrease in Siberian High intensity was correlated with an increase in temperature in the region. Using the average daily values of sea level pressure for the Asian sector of the Northern Hemisphere (reanalysis data), it was demonstrated that the occurrence of extremes in winter air temperature are strongly dependent on the Siberian High intensity and other macro-scale circulation patterns. Occurrence of the lowest values of temperature is accompanied by a strengthening of the Siberian High and by the negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation, while the highest values of air temperature in winter months are associated with negative pressure anomalies over the Northeastern Asia, which means a weakening of the Siberian High and intensifying of the influx of air masses from the west.Item Zróznicowanie populacji głazów eolizowanych w różnowiekowych strefach peryglacjalnych Polski Zachodniej(Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk, 2010) Antczak-Górka, Barbara; Nowaczyk, Bolesław; Bednorz, Ewa; Medyńska-Gulij, Beata; Milecka, Krystyna; Fortuniak, Krzysztof; Chlachula, Jiri; Wrzesiński, Dariusz; Bródka, Sylwia; Mazurek, Małgorzata; Makohonienko, Mirosław; Rachlewicz, Grzegorz; Słowik, Marcin; Piekarczyk, Jan; Borówka, KrzysztofThe article presents the results of statistical analysis performed on various populations of wind-polished boulders in the lowland part of Western Poland. The populations were studied in three zones connected with stages of retreat of the Last Glaciation, both in the foreland and hinterland of each of the zones, to accommodate differences in climatic conditions and genetic types of substratum. Those factors influenced the original population of stones that could then be transformed by the wind. It was found that wind-polished boulders were a common occurrence in the study area, whether lying on the surface or as stone horizons underlying aeolian cover sands. Spatial differences among those populations are due to variations of climatic conditions accompanying the successive stages of retreat of the last inland ice.