Browsing by Author "Mazur, Iwona"
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Item AD reception research: Some methodological considerations(EUT, 2012) Chmiel, Agnieszka; Mazur, IwonaAD reception research, or collection of feedback from the blind and partially sighted as the target audience of audio described films, seems to be one of the best sources of information to be applied when creating both AD standards and audio descriptions proper. This paper presents experiences gained by the authors when conducting two reception studies. The first one involved a questionnaire distributed to 18 viewers with vision dysfunctions immediately after two screenings of audio described films. The other one is a larger-scale work-in-progress, whose results will be applied in the development of Polish AD standards reflecting the preferences of the blind and visually impaired viewers in Poland, where the participants are being interviewed and presented with AD samples. The authors discuss various methodological issues, including problems with obtaining a sufficient number of participants, reflecting feedback from visually- impaired AD consultants in the surveys and discovering user preferences. It is suggested that responses concerning objectivity or subjectivity of descriptions should be elicited indirectly (implicitly) rather than directly (explicitly) and that research results are more meaningful if interviews involve comprehension questions and AD samples.Item Audio Description Made to Measure: Reflections on Interpretation in AD Based on the Pear Tree Project Data(Rodopi, 2012) Mazur, Iwona; Chmiel, AgnieszkaThe issue of interpretation in audio description continues to divide both AD practitioners and researchers. In this contribution we look at interpretation from the point of view of narratological behaviour of sighted viewers. To this end, we analyse data from twelve languages collected in the Pear Tree Project – a research project in which sighted viewers were asked to watch a short film and subsequently recount what they saw. Linking our findings to AD, we find in our analysis that sighted viewers interpret visual events but they avoid extremely subjective interpretations or interpretations in which they pass moral judgments. Thus, we propose that instead of applying the binary opposition of objective versus subjective, we should rather be using an objectivity– subjectivity scale, which can help determine which interpretive descriptions are less subjective and can consequently be used in AD without running the risk of being patronising or spoon-feeding the sense to the visually impaired.Item Audiodeskrypcja(Wydział Anglistyki UAM, 2014) Chmiel, Agnieszka; Mazur, IwonaItem Eye tracking sight translation performed by trainee interpreters(Benjamins, 2013) Chmiel, Agnieszka; Mazur, IwonaThis paper presents results of an eye-tracking study involving sight translation. It was assumed that interpreting trainees at a more advanced stage of training would display more efficient reading patterns than their less experienced colleagues. Eighteen participants with either one year or two years of interpreting training were asked to sight translate a text from A language (Polish) into B language (English). The text included such independent variables as target sentence type (simple SVO sentences and complex non-SVO sentences) and low frequency lexical items. The dependent variables included measures assumed to indicate lexical access and syntactic processing, such as fixation count, fixation length and observation length. The study found no group effect in total task time and processing of lexical items, which indicates that one year of training might not be sufficient to show differences in the sight translation skill development. The study also revealed that sentence readability could be a better predictor of processing load than syntax and, as expected, that more readable sentences generated less cognitive load than less readable ones.Item Odzwierciedlenie percepcji osób widzących w opisie dla osób niewidomych. Badania oku- lograficzne nad audiodeskrypcją(2011) Mazur, Iwona; Chmiel, AgnieszkaAudiodeskryptorzy często zastanawiają się, co uwzględnić w opisie, jak uporządkować opisywane elementy i co ominąć ze względu na ograniczenia czasowe. Warto zatem przeanalizować, jak osoby widzące postrzegają sceny filmowe i w jakim stopniu audiodeskrypcja może wpływać na taką percepcję. Artykuł opisuje pierwszy etap badania okulograficznego. Uczestnicy oglądali fragmenty filmu "Maria Antonina" w reż. Sofii Coppoli, a następnie odpowiadali na pytania. W analizie danych uwzględniono liczbę fiksacji i całkowity czas obserwacji poszczególnych pól. Wyniki mogą być przyczynkiem do rozwoju audiodeskrypcji, ponieważ pokazują, jak percepcję osób widzących należy odzwierciedlić w opisie, aby ułatwić zrozumienie scen filmowych osobom z dysfunkcją wzroku.Item Towards common European audio description guidelines: Results of the Pear Tree Project(2012) Mazur, Iwona; Chmiel, AgnieszkaThe article reports on the Pear Tree Project (PTP), conducted as part of the Media for All project whose original aim was to develop audio description (AD) guidelines in Europe in order to ensure consistent high quality AD. However, before streamlining AD standards, a number of issues had to be addressed, the most essential one being whether relevant cross-linguistic and cross-cultural differences in Europe are insignificant enough to enable the development of such common European AD guidelines. In order to answer these questions a methodology proposed by Chafe (1980) concerning the way representatives of various cultures and languages perceive and describe moving images was adopted by a group of AD researchers in the PTP. Participants from various countries were asked to watch a short film and recount what they saw. The data were then subjected to comparative lexical, discourse and narrative analysis in order to uncover both similarities and differences in the processing of visual information by representatives of the languages and cultures concerned. The results and their analysis will be presented in the paper on the basis of which the authors will attempt to provide an answer to the question of whether creating common European audio description guidelines is feasible.Item Tłumacz - praktyczne aspekty zawodu(Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2016) Whyatt, Bogusława; Nadstoga, Zbigniew; Chmiel, Agnieszka; Korpal, Paweł; Kościuczuk, Tomasz; Mazur, Iwona; Perdek, Magdalena; Stachowiak, Katarzyna; Turski, Marcin; Tymczyńska, Maria; Witczak, OlgaKsiążka „Tłumacz – praktyczne aspekty zawodu" jest zbiorem dziesięciu rozdziałów napisanych przez wykładowców specjalizacji tłumaczeniowych na Wydziale Anglistyki UAM z myślą o studentach i początkujących tłumaczach. Każdy rozdział omawia wybrane praktyczne aspekty związane z funkcjonowaniem na rynku tłumaczeń, zasadami wykonywania tłumaczeń specjalistycznych, zarządzaniem terminologią, zakresem kompetencji tłumacza ustnego i nieustannym samorozwojem, narzędziami wspomagającymi tłumaczenie i szczególnym przypadkiem pracy tłumacza jako audiodeskryptora. Główne przesłanie książki to przekonanie czytelnika, że tłumaczenie jest złożonym procesem i zawodem, który wymaga szeregu umiejętności i odpowiedniej postawy etycznej. Jakość usług na rynku tłumaczeń w Polsce może ulec poprawie tylko poprzez kształcenie dobrze przygotowanych do tej szczególnej pracy tłumaczy, którzy są świadomi, że jakość ich pracy wpływa na relacje pomiędzy jednostkami, firmami i narodami.