Browsing by Author "Mruk, Henryk"
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Item Dochód gospodarstwa domowego a posiadanie samochodu(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 1978) Mruk, HenrykThe analysis of affluence of housekeepings in dependence on possessing a car was carried out on the ground of results of an inquiry of 32 000 respondents. Few selected statistical measures were used to evaluate an affluence level and income distribution of different groups of housekeepings. It results from the analysis, that the housekeepings which possessed cars, had incomes at their disposal, which were about 40 per cent higher than in housekeepings without cars. There was also observed a great differentiation in affluence of housekeepings possessing cars differed in price and type. There is then almost no difference in concentration of incomes which are regularly distributed among affluent groups in motorized housekeepings as well as in unmotorized ones. Distribution of incomes of housekeepings possessing cars is characterized by a lower value of the asymmetry coefficient than in housekeepings without cars.Item JUBILEUSZ 80-LECIA AKADEMII EKONOMICZNEJ W POZNANIU(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 2007) Mruk, HenrykItem Kształtowanie cen detalicznych w Polsce Ludowej(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 1984) Szulce, Halina; Mruk, HenrykThe article presents basic principles of price shaping in the period from the end of the World War Two to 1983, as well as its dynamics attempting to relate it to changes in industrial and agricultural production. Presented actions undertaken in that sphere in the fourty years of the People's Poland indicate that the same economic problems to solve were appearing in individual years irregularly, but cyclically. These were first of all: lack of market equilibrium, higher incomes of the population than market supplies, improper price relations in food and non-food stuffs and high budgetary subsidies to the retail prices. In this situation almost all concepts and implemented price reforms aimed at elimination of those difficulties. Yet, the effects were not long lasting and ineffective in the long run. It was fallacious to treat price as the last resort to improve and regulate functioning of economy, meanwhile, as it is easy to prove, functioning system of prices has a secondary character in relation to functioning economic system, that is only healthy economy which gives shape to the efficient price mechanism. A study of price levels and relations in the examined period proves a gradual (from the sixties on) departure of prices from any relations and economic grounds. Stabilization of foodstuffs prices, effecting increasing budgetary subsidies was accompanied by an irrational growth of non-alimentary products. Both agricultural and industrial production, initially tending to stabilize declined gradually. In that situation it is necessary to return to prices their role of important economic instrument. The authors attempted to prove however, that although indispensable, it is hardly a sufficient intervention to revive the economy.Item PRZEGLĄD PIŚMIENNICTWA(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 1999) Mruk, HenrykLeksykon marketingu, pod red. Jerzego Altkorna i Teodora Kramera, PWE, Warszawa 1998, ss. 336.Item Tendencje zmian w rozkładach dochodów i majątku ludności na świecie(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 1984) Mruk, HenrykExamining and comparing changes in income and property distribution of the population in many states is very often difficult on account of different method of gathering statistical data. This concerns differences in systems of taxation of population's income, socio-demographic structure of society, number of households and first and foremost choice of household samples for representative studies. Coefficients of concentration and decile measures are the most common methods of describing income distribution. The studies carried out in the last decades (from the end of former century) allow to formulate a rule that degree of inequality of income and property distribution in households diminishes slowly as the time flows. Property of population being a function of a long-run income on the one hand and affecting the short-run incomes on the other, is distributed more inequally in societies than incomes. Differentiation of population incomes according to their amount is higher in capitalistic countries and lower in socialist ones. Increase in a range of incomes as expressed in absolute numbers can be observed as a level of concentration coefficients for income decreases. There can be also a difference in space observed between those countries which are considered to be rich in a sense of tenders of payment and those of a highly developed industry, technology and considerable productive property.