Browsing by Author "Szpaderski, Andrzej"
Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item Cele nowoczesnego handlu(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 1969) Szpaderski, AndrzejConception of modern trade, deriving its acticity from social needs and not from the principle of the businessman's profit, is understood by the author as professional intervention in the exchange of goods done by the help of purchase deeds and bills of sale, which consists in joining and coordinating by means of market methods submitted by tenderers and receivers of goods and which aims at: 1. Optimum conditions of meeting the demands on consumers' goods and producers' goods (in short optimum market conditions); 2. Minimum time of exchange transactions. Optimum condition of meeting the demands means the function of accumulation of optimum supplies of the market. Optimum market condition is the state of supplying with goods that allows the purchaser to obtain not only maximum satisfaction but also the consciousness of full rationalization of the carried expenses. Conception of trade aiming at minimum time of exchange should be understood as organization that simplifies and rationalizes at the processes of exchange. Only such trade ought to be considered modern, because the aim nad sense of the progress of modernity is simplification, rationalization and even acceleration of the whole activity that is useful for the development of consumption.Item O pojęciu handlu(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 1968) Szpaderski, AndrzejThe concept of trade has been considered in this paper mainly because of the aim of existance and activity of this discipline of economy. But simultaneously there are other elements of this concept which ought to be considered e.g. the subject and the sphere of activity. The entire concept of the purpose of trade is confined in two basic criteria i.e. profitableness of the enterprise and the needs of the community. Some concepts take an intermediate position in this distribution. Definitions disposed to answer the first criteria regard trade as the professional purchase of economic goods for the purpose of selling to achieve profit. In this way the point of gravity in the commercial activity moves from the activity of exchange to the flow of benefits in the form of merchant's profit. The concept that the problem of the purpose of trade can be solved on the grounds of profit remains in close contact with the principle accepted in capitalistic economy in running an enterprise. This concept of purpose can not explain the social and economic role of trade. The universalistic concepts represent a totally different opinion. By replacing the narrow meaning of enterprise by the broader meaning of the needs of the community the aims of these concepts change from the pursuit of profit to the method of procedure. The social functions of trade show distinctly the concepts of socialistic trade. Since numerous definitions of trade based on social grounds stress variously the meaning of different exchangeable functions and do not make its purpose precise, the following definition has been proposed in this paper: Trade is the professional mediation in the exchange of goods accomplished by means of purchase deed and bill of sale depending on association and adjustment of the aims of market methods dictated by the bidders and the receivers of goods, for the purpose of optimalization of meeting the demand for consumptive and industrial goods, and minimalization of the time of transactions. The salient characteristic of this definition is, that it joins and combines all positive points of definitions of concept of trade applied before. It results also from the apparent contemporary level and developing tendency in this of materialistic culture of industrialized communities.Item Pojęcie celu organizacyjnego i jego zastosowanie gospodarcze(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 1969) Szpaderski, AndrzejA notion of an organizational purpose is defined in literature in different ways. The most penetrating ones I consider the definitions of J. Zieleniewski and R. M. Cyert and J. G. March. The first one indicates that the purpose is the future state of things inciting the actual acting in the definite direction. The second one formed by J. G. March identifies the purpose with mutual interest of the group of the acting subjects. For the sake of required connections of the purpose with actual acting the greatest value have the purposes that are clear, rational, executable and operative and give a priori security, that the unwanted outside aspiration of the participants of the organization, especially of the managers would be subjected to reduction. A very important part plays the ability and skill to differentiate the main purposes from the subordinate ones and the superior (farther ones) from the subordinate (nearer ones). Sometimes instead of one purpose there exist some coordinated purposes. The organizational enterprises are formed in double way with reference to the purpose and with reference to the task. There is a great difference between these notions and therefore one cannot use them interchangeably. In the economical activity a purpose performs some functions, namely it decides about the scope of detailed programme of activity and about the appointment of appliances, it is the criterion of rationality of decision decides about the choice of the means of proceeding. At last the purpose becomes the criterion of efficiency of acting because it allows to mark the grade of agreement of the intended results with the obtained ones.Item Zastosowanie metody podobieństwa do rejonizacji ekonomiczno-rolniczej(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 1960) Szpaderski, Andrzej