Browsing by Author "Wiatrak, Andrzej Piotr"
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Item Analiza czynników określających dochody rolnicze gospodarstw rodzinnych(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 1990) Wiatrak, Andrzej PiotrIn the present article — based on questionnaire research carried out in SGGW- -AR in 1987 — the author undertakes an attempt to distinguish the factors influencing the level of income from agricultural activity and to determine quantitative impact of these factors on the growth of income of a farm in different area groups. The selection of explanatory variables was based on correlation analysis and step regression. The research indicates that the income of a farm depends on the growth of production factors and relations between them, and on the efficiency of their exploitation. The basic factors shaping the income of a farm in all area groups are the cost of mineral fertilizers and lime as well as the value of basic flock and the rate of botanization of land. Additionally, in farms larger than 5 ha to these factors belong the value of agricultural machinery and equipment and the value of feeding stuff. Besides, it can be observed that in the growth of income the importance of land (area and quality), agricultural machinery and equipment and the expenses on feeding stuffs, energy, the value of basic flock and the number of full-time employees decreases with the increase in the area of a farm. The results indicate that in order to increase the income of a farm it is necessary to decrease gradually the resources of labour and to increase the area of a farm and its technical equipment with the simultaneous increase of outlays on turnover means (such as fertilizers and lime). At the same time the above conditions are indispensable for structural changes in the private sector of agricultureItem Dochody ludności rolniczej (tworzenie, podział, funkcje)(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 1981) Wiatrak, Andrzej PiotrIncomes of agricultural population encompass as well incomes from farm running, as non-agricultural incomes (mainly from work beyond the farm). In a farm the produced income consists of payment of own work and of net income (i.e. rent and interest). Sources of income creation and distribution are inherent in production resources possessed by a farm. A farm income is then created as a result of work by a family farm, while its effectiveness is different owing to a farm type (and its structure). It is reflected in payment of own work and in distinction of net income, that can occur only potentially sometimes. The produced agricultural income is divided for a consumed part (equal to payment of own work) and accumulated part (equal to net income). Consumption is increased by non-agricultural incomes and finally it appears as natural, goods and social consumption (such division is conditioned by the way of satisfaction of the country's population needs). Accumulation is destined for net investments and increase in resources of acting capital, what occurs in some farms potentially only. There are connected with division of agricultural incomes some functions that are fulfilled by the division as wel in consumption, as n production sphere. Consumption and production functions are the most important ones. They determine development of farm output and interests of farm population in its growth.Item Kształtowanie się dochodowości gospodarstw chłopskich w zależności od obszaru gospodarstwa(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 1989) Wiatrak, Andrzej PiotrThe article presents the dependence between farmers' income calculated per 1 farm, 1 person and 1 ha of arable land and the size of a farm, together with the changes in the above indexes, causes of those changes and the sources of income. The analyses indicate that the income calculated per 1 farm and 1 person increases together with the growth of area and dicreases when calculated per 1 ha of arable land. The above processes are determined by the outlays of labour and equipment and by relations between various productive factors. The following data may serve as an example. Whereas there is a ninefold difference between the average area of farms over 15 ha and farms under 3 ha, the difference between the outlays of labour is only twofold, and between the outlays of equipment — fivefold. The increase of both types of outlays, although it contributes to the growth of the scale of production, is insufficient as compared with the increase of the size of farms. In consequence, those outlays, when calculated per 1 ha of arable land, diminish together with the increase of area, bringing about a simultaneous, though slower, decrease of productivity and income. However, if outlays are at the same level, the income brought by land increases together with owth of area of farms. It indicates that it is necessary to provide farms with more equipment and that providing the farms with means of production stops those negative processes.Item Produktywność ziemi w rolnictwie polskim w latach 1960-1976(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 1978) Anszperger, Aleksander; Wiatrak, Andrzej PiotrThe contents of this study is a presentation of the land productivity determined by the value of total final production obtained from a hectare of arable land. The accomplished analysis informs, that sizes of final production and of land productivity grew in Polish agriculture in the years 1960 - 1976. The latter grew faster what resulted from a flow of land utilized in agriculture for non-agricultural purposes. The land productivity is the highest in individual economy, though we observed its growth in other sectors. The land producivity grew during the whole period, and particularly in the years 1971 - 1976. In that period the highest level of land productivity is achieved by Agricultural Work Co-operatives. The productivity growth proceeded irregularly in particular years, what was under considerable influence of economic policy of the state towards agriculture. It found expression first of all in the agricultural production structure and in the growth rates of its sectors. In the years 1960 - 1970 above all the growth of vegetable production was apparent, in the years 1971 - 1976 — the growth of animal production. Such development was shaped mainly by market parameters (f.ex. prices of agricultural products), which determined rentability of production of particular agricultural products. Differences in levels of the land productivity in particular sectors find expression in regional approach. These voivodeships, in which the state sector prevails, possess its lower level. In individual agriculture the land productivity is differentiated in dependence on a farm acreage. As the farm territory grows the land productivity diminishes, what is connected with production manners of peasants' economy. Small farms possess a great number of persons for a hectare of arable land and that leads to labour-consuming intensification. It confirms the diminishing share of animal production when a farm acreage grows.Item Techniczne uzbrojenie pracy a akumulacja w gospodarstwach chłopskich(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 1979) Wiatrak, Andrzej PiotrAccumulation in individual farms is closely connected with level of technical labour equipment and it generally increases when this level grows. Increase in technical labour equipment causes growth of accumulation in a farm and for one person employed. It is true for all groups of farms but the degree of growth is different. It increases quickly at the beginning, then the rate of accumulation growth is smaller. The growth is the most significant in farms characterized by the highest level of technical labour equipment. The growth is, however, irregular and it occurs stepwise in dependence on combination of production factors and methods used. It finds reflection in comparison of interdependence between technical labour equipiment and accumulation when re-calculated for a hectare of arable land. This relation attains a high value in farms with the weakest equipment with fixed capital. In turn, in other groups of farms the accumulation level re-calculated for a unit of area is lower, but it shows a growing tendency. The accumulation susceptibility calculated for a hectare of arable land is the highest in farms best provided with production means. The process of growth runs then in accordance with a character of introducing and changing production techniques. It determines simultaneously the accumulation susceptibility and its share in farm and personal incomes in particular groups of farms according to technical labour equipment.Item Uwarunkowania zmian efektywności gospodarowania w rolnictwie rodzinnym w Polsce(Wydział Prawa i Administracji UAM, 1989) Wiatrak, Andrzej PiotrThe article analyses, on the basis of mass statistics data gathered by Chief Statistical Office, the changes in resources and relations of production factors in family farms in years 1961 - 1987 together with their productivity and the level of outlay on agricultural production. Besides, the above questions have been analysed with respect to area groups of farms from two extremely different regions. The analysis shews that productivity in family farms depends on the level and relations of production factors. The productivity is influenced mostly by the improvement of turnover means-land and durable goods-land relations, while the efficiency of labour is influenced mostly by the improvement of land-labour and durable goods-labour relations. The productivity of these two production factors in family farms in years 1961 -1987 showed upward tendencies in consequence of a decrease in acreage of land and labour resources in those farms as well as in consequence of providing more means of production for agriculture. The latter increase was, however, insufficient and, as a result, the efficiency of total outlay on a unit of production depended mostly on land-labour relation, what manifested itself by a considerable participation of labour outlay in the overall structure of outlay. At the same time, as the acreage of farms grew, and in subsequent years, the participation of labour and land in the structure of outlay decreased while the turnover and durable goods outlays increased. Simultaneously, an increase in technical equipment of labour and a decrease in the level of outlay on production could be observed. Providing more means of production for family farms made it possible to substitute land and labour and increase the scale of agricultural output. However, it also brought a decrease in efficiency of utilization of those means, yet slower than a corresponding growth of productivity of labour and land.