Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne, 2011, nr 2
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Browsing Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne, 2011, nr 2 by Subject "Polska"
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Item Decentralizacja władzy publicznej w Polsce na przykładzie samorządu terytorialnego(Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa UAM w Poznaniu, 2011) Antkowiak, PawełThe political and social transformations of 1989 in Poland were primarily related to the profound democratization of the apparatus of public authority, resulting in the almost total abandonment of the unified, centralized structure. In the realm of public administration this process is illustrated by the thorough decentralization of the administrative apparatus. The current model of administration assumes that is it is exercised both by the apparatus of the centralized governmental administration and by a diversified system of independent organs and institutions that perform public tasks vested in them by virtue of law in their own names and on their own accounts. The subject of this paper is the reinstatement of territorial self-government which constituted an integral part of this processItem Decentralizacja władzy publicznej w Polsce na przykładzie samorządu terytorialnego(Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa UAM w Poznaniu, 2011) Antkowiak, PawełThe political and social transformations of 1989 in Poland were primarily related to the profound democratization of the apparatus of public authority, resulting in the almost total abandonment of the unified, centralized structure. In the realm of public administration this process is illustrated by the thorough decentralization of the administrative apparatus. The current model of administration assumes that is it is exercised both by the apparatus of the centralized governmental administration and by a diversified system of independent organs and institutions that perform public tasks vested in them by virtue of law in their own names and on their own accounts. The subject of this paper is the reinstatement of territorial self-government which constituted an integral part of this process.Item Metody zwiększania frekwencji wyborczej. Polska a doświadczenia innych państw(Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa UAM w Poznaniu, 2011) Musiał-Karg, MagdalenaNumerous reports and analyses of voter turnout levels have recorded the global trend of declining participation by citizens in national elections. One of the most important results of poor participation of citizens in electoral processes is the serious legitimization deficit. Governments in many countries try to prevent that by taking various measures to solve the problem of falling turnout and to increase the level of the electorate’s involvement. In Poland, the low turnout level has been the subject of many scholarly discussions aimed at finding solutions to the problem of poor civic participation. The main goal of this study is to assess the various methods of increasing voter turnout which are used in different countries, including Poland.Item Współczesna demokracja a społeczeństwo obywatelski na przykładzie Polski(Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa UAM w Poznaniu, 2011) Rachwał, MarcinIn order to function properly, a modern democracy needs a civic society, that is a society of individual, conscious subjects, who are active in the public realm. The absence of this component of democracy results in numerous problems, if only to mention low turnout in elections and referenda, thereby weakening the legitimacy of power and difficulties in the implementation of political decisions. Many authors emphasize the fact that the 1980s were a period of very intensive development in civic society in Poland which persuaded the authorities at the time to commence talks with the democratic opposition. The outcome of the talks of the Round Table, the elections in June 1991 and further events, was that a democratic political system was institutionalized in Poland. After several years of political transformation the issue of the weakness of Polish civic society was raised more and more frequently. Therefore, the question may be asked of what has happened to Polish society? A society that was once able to force the non-democratic authorities to make concessions after the turning point of 1989, has become less and less involved in public life. In trying to address this problem one needs to emphasize the fact that Polish civic society was revived at the time of the struggle against the socialist state. After the change of political system, the negative aftermath of the relations between state and citizens has produced certain difficulties. Consequently, new mutual relations need to be established between state and citizens, since a democratic system requires a functioning civic society that does not struggle against the state but rather collaborates with it. It takes time to develop such an organization of society, though.Item Współczesna demokracja a społeczeństwo obywatelskie na przykładzie Polski(Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa UAM w Poznaniu, 2011) Rachwał, MarcinIn order to function properly, a modern democracy needs a civic society, that is a society of individual, conscious subjects, who are active in the public realm. The absence of this component of democracy results in numerous problems, if only to mention low turnout in elections and referenda, thereby weakening the legitimacy of power and difficulties in the implementation of political decisions. Many authors emphasize the fact that the 1980s were a period of very intensive development in civic society in Poland which persuaded the authorities at the time to commence talks with the democratic opposition. The outcome of the talks of the Round Table, the elections in June 1991 and further events, was that a democratic political system was institutionalized in Poland. After several years of political transformation the issue of the weakness of Polish civic society was raised more and more frequently. Therefore, the question may be asked of what has happened to Polish society? A society that was once able to force the non-democratic authorities to make concessions after the turning point of 1989, has become less and less involved in public life. In trying to address this problem one needs to emphasize the fact that Polish civic society was revived at the time of the struggle against the socialist state. After the change of political system, the negative aftermath of the relations between state and citizens has produced certain difficulties. Consequently, new mutual relations need to be established between state and citizens, since a democratic system requires a functioning civic society that does not struggle against the state but rather collaborates with it. It takes time to develop such an organization of society, though.Item Wybory jako forma legitymizacji władzy w Polsce w dwudziestoleciu przemian ustrojowych(Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa UAM w Poznaniu, 2011) Stelmach, AndrzejDuring the political transformation in Poland, electoral law was frequently changed. The general principles, already adopted in 1991, were maintained in parliamentary elections (to the Sejm). The changes only affected the detailed solutions concerning how the votes were calculated as mandates, and the sizes of constituencies. The so-called elective thresholds, which were introduced in 1993, have been maintained. In practice, the result of the current system of parliamentary elections is that the parties that attract approximately 25% of the votes cast by all those authorized to vote, win over half the parliamentary mandates, thereby exercising power. Therefore, the claim that a democratic electoral system is based on the principle of majority rule seems doubtful here, as what we actually get entails the rule of the largest social group, or at least the one that has the most effective organization. Contrary to popular belief, the majority elections to the Senate do not change the above rule. A voter supporting a given candidate in these elections is mainly directed by the political group which supports this candidate. The electoral system to the Senate was finally formed in 1991 and only slightly amended in 2001. Asingle-mandate constituency in the elections to the upper chamber of the parliament was only introduced by Electoral Law in 2011.