Wybory jako forma legitymizacji władzy w Polsce w dwudziestoleciu przemian ustrojowych
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Date
2011
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Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa UAM w Poznaniu
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Elections as the Form of Legitimization of Power in Poland
Abstract
During the political transformation in Poland, electoral law was frequently
changed. The general principles, already adopted in 1991, were maintained in parliamentary
elections (to the Sejm). The changes only affected the detailed solutions concerning
how the votes were calculated as mandates, and the sizes of constituencies.
The so-called elective thresholds, which were introduced in 1993, have been maintained.
In practice, the result of the current system of parliamentary elections is that the
parties that attract approximately 25% of the votes cast by all those authorized to vote,
win over half the parliamentary mandates, thereby exercising power. Therefore, the
claim that a democratic electoral system is based on the principle of majority rule
seems doubtful here, as what we actually get entails the rule of the largest social group,
or at least the one that has the most effective organization. Contrary to popular belief, the majority elections to the Senate do not change the
above rule. A voter supporting a given candidate in these elections is mainly directed
by the political group which supports this candidate. The electoral system to the Senate
was finally formed in 1991 and only slightly amended in 2001. Asingle-mandate constituency
in the elections to the upper chamber of the parliament was only introduced
by Electoral Law in 2011.
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Keywords
Polska, transformacja systemowa, system wyborczy, prawo wyborcze, wybory parlamentarne
Citation
Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne, nr 2, 2011, s.5-20