Biuletyn Historii Wychowania, 2013, nr 29

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Browsing Biuletyn Historii Wychowania, 2013, nr 29 by Subject "education"

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    Kształcenie w zakresie grafiki w szkolnictwie artystycznym Krakowa, Lwowa i Wilna w latach międzywojennych
    (Poznańskie Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Nauk we współpracy z Zakładem Historii Wychowania, WSE UAM, 2013) Boguszewska, Anna
    The beginnings of art education in Poland are connected with the cities of Cracow, Vilnius and Warsaw in the 18th and 19th centuries. In the interwar period (1918–39), in addition to the most powerful graphics education center in Warsaw, this discipline of art developed intensively in the art schools in Lvov, Cracow and Vilnius. The development of graphics in the Cracow Academy is related to the artistic and educational activities of Józef Pankiewicz. In 1923, the independent Department of Graphic Arts was established, conducted by John Wojnarski in collaboration with Andrzej Jurkiewicz and Jan Rubczak. The next outstanding teachers are Ludwik Gardowski and Konrad Strzednicki. Graphics education in the Municipal School of Art Industry (Miejska Szkoła Przemysłu Artystycznego) in Cracow is headed by Witold Chomicz. Graphics education in Lvov is linked to the activity of such artists as Ludwik Tyrowicz and Maria Rużycka. Ferdynand Ruszczyc, Bonawentura Lenart introduce the study of graphics into the curriculum of the Faculty of Fine Arts at Stefan Batory University in Vilnius. Since 1930, Jerzy Hoppen started the graphics workshop. In the 1930s, the graphic arts established a permanent and significant position in Polish art education.
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    Oświata żydowska w powojennej Legnicy (1945–1968)
    (Poznańskie Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Nauk we współpracy z Zakładem Historii Wychowania, WSE UAM, 2013) Szczepański, Andrzej
    When the war activities came to a close, first Jews started to come into town, mainly the former prisoners from Gross-Rosen concentration camp, and then the displaced rescued in the territory of the Soviet Union. The newcomers soon opened their own educational facilities and in the school year 1946/1947 in Legnica there were: a kindergarten, a foster house, a heder, a primary school with Hebrew as the language of lecture, a kibbutz and a Hebrew primary school. The educational pluralism did not last long because from the school year 1950/1951 there remained just one state-controlled Jewish school (the other facilities had been closed). The kindergarten was the only exception and although it received the status of a public institution it preserved Jewish character until mid-50s. The subsequent years brought significant fluctuation of teachers and students as many of them left Poland in the first half of the 1950s, whereas from 1956 more newcomers arrived from the USSR. On September 1, 1959 a high-school class was launched in the local primary school. In the 1960s the emigration of Jews from Legnica increased significantly, which resulted in smaller number of students. A breakthrough year was 1968, when, because of too small number
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    Złości, która się więc pokazuje w dziateczkach nie tak winien ojciec jako matka – wpływ matki na wychowanie swych dzieci w polskich drukowanych oracjach pogrzebowych XVII wieku
    (Poznańskie Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Nauk we współpracy z Zakładem Historii Wychowania, WSE UAM, 2013) Kicińska, Urszula
    In funeral orations, the fact of being a mother was underlined as the major merit of the dead. The number of children to whom she gave birth and whom she raised were mentioned with pride. So the motherhood constituted the main mission of the woman. Not only nursing children, but also forming their character and mind belonged to the responsibilities of women. A good mother, according to preachers, was supposed to be pious, sensible and hard-working. The Old Polish education ideal, in spite of social and material differences, had more than a class character. It concerned mainly girls, because they rarely expressed their opinion about their education and in less detail. It is possible to distinguish two types of educating women. The first one was called “conservative” and was supposed to prepare young girls for their future role of the wife, the mother and the housewife. The second was known as “progressive” as it recognized the equal status of the man and the woman and therefore she could develop intellectually. The daughters of magnates and rich gentry received their education in aristocratic manor houses or at convent schools, whereas poorer girls had to be satisfied with home upbringing. Nevertheless, irrespective of the place in which the girl received her education, she was prepared for her main practical role of the wife, the mother and the housewife.