Ethics in Progress, 2025, Volume 16, Issue 2
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10593/28398
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Item Attitudes towards Medically Assisted Reproduction among Students in Three Euro-Mediterranean Countries(Wydział Filozoficzny UAM, 2025-12-31) Tutić Grokša, Ivana; Depope, Ana; Trako Poljak, Tijana; Buterin. Toni; Doričić, Robert; Rinčić, Iva; Gensabella, Marianna; Zagorac, Ivana; Eterović, Igor; Kalokairinou, Eleni; Kaluđerović, Željko; Guć, Josip; Vantsos, Miltiadis; Giacobello, Maria Laura; Muzur, AmirHuman reproduction has traditionally been an important issue in medical ethics. Advances in medical technology and the development of medically assisted reproduction (MAR) procedures are creating new bioethical dilemmas. This study is based on a quantitative approach using the survey method on a convenience sample of students (N=1097) from five universities from four fields of study – Medicine, Law, Theology and Philosophy – in Croatia, Greece and Italy. The aim of this study was to investigate students’ attitudes towards various aspects of medically assisted reproduction. Three hypotheses were tested using t-tests and ANOVA to examine differences in attitudes based on variables such as country, field of study, gender, year of study, religiosity, political orientation, financial status and size of their place of residence. Despite sharing a common Mediterranean cultural heritage, students from Italy showed a greater disapproval of MAR, but due to the small effect size, this difference should be interpreted with caution and the hypothesis could not be fully confirmed. In addition, Theology students had statistically significantly more negative attitudes toward MAR. Regarding differences in students’ socio-demographic characteristics, women, older students, individuals who are not religious and those who are politically left-oriented tended to have more liberal attitudes toward MAR. The results enable further reflection on the concept of Mediterranean Bioethics. These findings highlight how disciplinary background and religiosity shape ethical attitudes toward MAR within the Mediterranean context.Item Ethical AI in Healthcare: A Comprehensive Review Addressing Privacy, Security, and Fairness(Wydział Filozoficzny UAM, 2025-12-31) Nkrumah, Ivy Payne; Engmann, Felicia; Adu-Manu, Kofi SarpongThe integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into healthcare presents both transformative potential and profound ethical challenges. This paper examines how ethical principles, such as transparency, fairness, accountability, and privacy, are applied and operationalised in healthcare AI. Using a structured narrative review approach, we analysed over 70 peer-reviewed empirical studies, policy documents, and regulatory frameworks that span applications in clinical decision support systems, diagnostics, mental health interventions and personalised medicine. Particular attention is given to the perspectives of diverse stakeholders, including patients, clinicians, data scientists and regulators. We assess fairness using demographic parity and equalised odds and evaluate transparency via explainability metrics and auditability practices. Our findings highlight the persistent issues of demographic bias, lack of stakeholder participation, and regulatory fragmentation. We propose a typology of responsible AI metrics, including data representativeness indices, fairness-accuracy trade-off scores, and human-AI oversight benchmarks, that can guide the ethical evaluation and deployment of AI models. By emphasising intersectionality, contextual equity, and co-designed governance, this study moves beyond generic ethical appeals to concrete implementation strategies. Our contribution offers a practical and interdisciplinary roadmap for aligning AI innovation with patient-centred values, institutional accountability, and evolving EU regulatory standards in the healthcare sector.Item Reproducing Binary Sex: The Post-pandemic Theories from a Gender and Normative Perspective(Wydział Filozoficzny UAM, 2025-12-31) Liotzis, VangelisDuring the notorious collective experience of COVID-19 pandemic, the prospect of a better future was featured in public interventions in the light of the recent painful circumstance. The theories of the post-pandemic world were prominent in this debate. This article attempts to examine some of them in order to investigate how broader social theories integrate the gender perspective. From the approximately forty English-language monographs by important scholars and thinkers which have characterised the relevant body of work, only ten of them have been found to contain explicit gendered references. Those were the selected sample of an analysis which was conducted from a social constructionist point of view articulated with a (neuro)feminist perspective. Despite the epistemological and methodological advances in the study of gender relations, the long dominant approach of binary sex constituted the basic framework of the analyses in the examined post-pandemic theories. This is a choice that does not advance the public debate on gender relations, since it de facto ignores and silences the multiplicity of gender identities and intersectional premises.Item Reconceptualizing Consumer Responsibility: From Rosters to Philosophy(Wydział Filozoficzny UAM, 2025-12-30) McGregor, SueConceptual papers reflect a researcher’s theoretical thoughts and philosophical speculations about a topic and are especially useful for generating ideas that incentivize theory development. This conceptual paper shares a philosophical reconceptualization of consumer responsibility, which people traditionally approach using rosters of corresponding responsibilities and rights. After profiling rosters from both the United Nations and Consumers International, the consumer responsibility phenomenon was reconceptualized through three philosophical queries: (a) what is it to be responsible (moral reasoning, feelings, or virtue/character trait); (b) what is a person responsible for (past and future orientation — retrospection and prospection); and (c) before whom is someone responsible (self-attribution versus diffusion)? Future researchers are encouraged to use this new conceptual framework to study and theorize the different ways people might philosophically understand being responsible consumers.Item Is There Any Equal Opportunity Approach in Latin America? A Systematic Review 2014-2024(Wydział Filozoficzny UAM, 2025-12-31) Carbajal-Camberos, Juan PabloThis paper presents the results of a systematic literature review examining the evolution of contemporary Theories of Justice, Egalitarianism, and the Principle of Equality of Opportunity in Latin American countries from 2014 to 2024. It seeks to contribute perspectives from the Global South to the philosophical field, thereby enriching the dialogue on how egalitarian justice operates across diverse contexts. The study used three academic databases: Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. A total of 864 articles were initially identified, and after applying the PRISMA methodology, 64 papers were selected according to the established criteria. The analysis reveals that these works reflect a distinctly Latin American approach characterized by: Intrinsic Pluralist Egalitarianism (relational-distributive), Decolonial and Feminist Theoretical Influence, and Pragmatic Equality of Opportunity.Item Aerial Digital Archaeology and Data Ethics through the Lens of Actor-Network Theory(Wydział Filozoficzny UAM, 2025-12-31) Ros, SayumphuActor-network theory emphasizes the importance of technology in archaeological research, particularly in aerial digital archaeology. It deconstructs objective narratives by revealing the complexity of knowledge production, including the archaeologist’s expertise, excavation tools, technology, and the researcher’s cultural background. Data are a dynamic output of the network, influenced by factors like tools, environment, and survey timing. The researcher’s cultural context also plays a role, as Western archaeologists may have different approaches and interpretations from those of researchers from developing countries. The theory also highlights the power dynamics of the network, with those controlling it – through technology, funding, and interpretation – wielding greater influence. This raises ethical concerns, especially in cases of “parachute science”, where foreign researchers conduct research in developing countries. A strong ethical framework is therefore needed to address these issues, and to promote collaboration and knowledge transfer. Actor-network theory encourages a more collaborative, ethically sound approach to understanding the past, especially when using aerial digital archaeology. This article systematically argues for such an approach.Item Moral Competence of Teacher Education Students. The Role of Guided Reflection and Responsibility-Taking Opportunities(Wydział Filozoficzny UAM, 2025-12-31) Tello, Daniel; Pardo, Marisa Meza; Salazar, Jaime RetamalTeacher education needs to focus on moral development and prepare their students to face the moral dilemmas in the teacher profession. The present study shows the first results of a long term research between 2017 and 2022 in 3 Chilean Universities. The relationship of learning environment, according to Responsibility Taking (RT) and Guided Reflection (GR) opportunities, on the differences on moral competence, was evaluated with a cross sectional design, comparing last with first year students (n=671). Results suggest a significant influence of RT and GR on moral competence. Being tutor at university is identified as one of those opportunities.Item Moral Foundations as Predictors of Academic Success: Examining GPA and Subject Preferences in Middle Adolescents(Wydział Filozoficzny UAM, 2025-12-31) Stastna, KamilaThis study explores relationships between adolescents’ moral foundations and academic outcomes, extending existing psychological frameworks into educational research. A sample of 192 German high school students (aged 15–17) completed the Moral Foundations Questionnaire, although the analyses specifically focused on the Care, Fairness, and Authority foundations based on theoretical relevance to educational contexts. Academic achievement (grade point average, GPA) and subject preferences were measured through self-reported grades and subject rankings. Data were analyzed using non-parametric correlations, ordinal logistic regression, and group comparisons. Results indicated that higher scores in the Care foundation were significantly associated with better GPA, whereas Fairness showed no significant correlation. Moreover, students expressing dislike for natural sciences displayed significantly higher Authority foundation scores. These results suggest that specific moral foundations may be relevant in shaping academic performance and subject preferences among adolescents. Future studies should further explore underlying mechanisms to inform targeted educational practices.Item Harmonized Alignment in Ethical Leadership: Synthesizing Maimonides’ Rational Allegiance and Dessler’s Giving Paradigm(Wydział Filozoficzny UAM, 2025-12-31) Hoch, LironThis article offers a comparative analysis of leadership paradigms articulated by Maimonides and Rabbi Eliyahu Dessler, emphasizing their enduring relevance to contemporary ethical and organizational leadership. Maimonides’ Dual Allegiance model integrates intellectual rigor, ethical autonomy, and social responsibility into a rational, duty-bound framework. In contrast, Rabbi Dessler’s Giving Paradigm, as presented in Strive for Truth, centers on relational ethics, moral intentionality, and the transformative power of altruistic giving. Despite their differing emphases – cognitive clarity versus emotional insight – both approaches converge in promoting a multidimensional, ethically grounded vision of leadership. This study introduces Harmonized Alignment, a synthesis that balances intellect, empathy, and moral action, grounded in classical Jewish thought. The model offers practical guidance for leaders navigating ethical dilemmas and striving to foster sustainable, value-driven organizational cultures in complex modern environments.Item Three Realistic Principles for Nurturing Ethical Prosocial Behavior(2025-12-31) Plante, ThomasThe world is in trouble with numerous significant challenges to life and society such as climate change, divisive politics, economic disparity, war, racism and discrimination, and violence. At the core of these issues is human behavior and in particular, ethical decision making. The purpose of this reflection is to underscore three practical principles to encourage more prosocial behavior by (a) embracing the reality of egoism, (b) finding ways to merge egoism with the common good, and (c) socially engineer ethical behavior that benefits society. Considering ethical decision making and nurturing prosocial behavior in a realistic manner provides at least some hope for relieving the many difficulties that our society faces.