Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Literacka, 2009, nr 16 (36)
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Item Emocjonalizm czy symbolizm Norwida? Dyskusja z ujęciem liryki autora "Vade-mecum" przez Danutę Zamącińską(Wydawnictwo "Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne", 2009) Rzońca, WiesławThe polemical article addresses and questions the findings and determinations given by Zamącińska, who treats Norwid's poetry as heavily marked emotionally which, according to the literary researcher and scholar, is decisive in assigning the poet to the generation of Romantics. Questioning the arguments given by Zamącińska, the present author points at a considerable decrease in individualism and direct expression in the writings of Norwid in favour of the so-called "quidamization", i.e. a forming process of underdetermined man and "one of the may". Concurrently, emotions find their way to the poetical image co-created by the description in which general notions constitute a substantial component. The poetics of conditionality, sensitivity to the changeability of the world and the momentous character of reality, and at the same time sensitivity to light, sphericity and multicolourness of poetical space are decisive in attributing the artistic workshop of Norwid to the aesthetics of the second half of the nineteenth century.Item Polska "Dzikość serca" za pięćdziesiąt złotych. Kultura popularna w "Zrób mi jakąś krzywdę" Jakuba Żulczyka(Wydawnictwo "Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne", 2009) Małecki, WojciechThe article presents an analysis of selected functions carried out by the popular cultural references in Żulczyk’s novel "Zrób mi jakąś krzywdę, czyli wszystkie gry wideo są o miłości". The first section of the article considers some methodological problems related to the subject matter of the article and discusses the book in view of Shusterman's aesthetic experience model in the aesthetic legitimization of popular art. The next section includes the analysis of the text and focuses on such issues as references to popular culture in the protagonist's characteristics. In the conclusion of the article, the author sums up that the popular culture threads are not included in the novel purely for decorative reasons but constitute it at a multi-tiered level and cannot be removed from the novel otherwise it would disrupt, or even destroy, its structure and thus, without some knowledge of the basic elements of pop culture, the reading and understanding of the book can be substantially impaired and incomplete.Item Fenomen kobiecości w wyobraźni poetyckiej Bolesława Leśmiana na tle europejskiej refleksji antropologicznej(Wydawnictwo "Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne", 2009) Karwowska, MarzenaIn the early decades of the twentieth century the misogynist philosophical conceptions proposed by Schopenhauer, Nietzsche and Weininger exerted a particular influence upon the image of woman. In the literary output of Leśmian this phenomenon takes on the form decidedly divergent from the patterns prevalent at the time manifesting in the typical features of archetypal and mythical figures. In the construction of his literary lovers, Leśmian makes references to ritual symbolism. His almost hieratic female figures, notionally available to woman, guide the way in a possible passage between the beyond (spiritual world) and the world of mortals. The poet accentuates the analogies between the sacredness of woman and the sacrum of Tellus Mater and adopts the attitude of a neophyte who endows women with the power of initiation into the mystery of regeneration. The notional female figures created by Leśmian, with the typical for the poet positive and exhilarating valorization of woman's body, have the power of euphemising thanatical fears and anxiety. Leśmian treats the corporeal nature of woman as hierophany: a female, revealing the sacral character of the universe, forms and contributes to its spiritual order. Schopenhauer, Nietzsche and Weininger demythologize the phenomenon of femininity, Leśmian remythologizes it back again.Item Widzieć siebie — z czasu minionego ("Tamten" Bolesława Leśmiana i "Kilkunastoletnia" Wisławy Szymborskiej)(Wydawnictwo "Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne", 2009) Głowiński, MichałThe article presents a juxtaposition of the following two brilliant poems "Tamten" (from the collection of poems entitled "Napój cienisty", 1936) and "Kilkunastoletnia" (from the collection of poems entitled "Tutaj", 2009) that employ the same idea of an encounter with oneself – an adolescent person (in the former poem) and a teenage girl (in the latter). The poems exceed the literary convention of just a lyrical reminiscence of the past, they rather form a particular dialogue with the narrator as he/she was years ago, or even propose a kind of a confrontation. Both poems indirectly feature reflections on the passing time and on the author's identity. The poem written by Leśmian fits perfectly into his poetical system, both in terms of the introduction of metaphysical threads and the application of the elements of a love poem and in terms of the plot outline, somewhat reminiscent of his ballads. Szymborska's poem also concurs with her own poetics mostly due to the characteristic subtle auto-irony.Item Wojciech Stanisław Chrościński (ok. 1660—po 1733) — człowiek i dzieło(Wydawnictwo "Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne", 2009) Teusz, LeszekThe article discusses the figure and the work of the poet from the Saxon times in Poland. The first part of the article presents some essential biographical data and his most important literary achievements – from his debut poem "Trąba wiekopomnej sławy...", through the translations of the Latin works of Ovid and Lucan, to poems written in the Polish language, such as Biblical poems and other cycles of poems. The other part of the article includes a discussion on the history of the reception of Chrościński's works and the opinions on his literary output given by literary critics and contemporary historians of literature. Diverse and not equivocal opinions emerge – from decidedly favourable to those more restrained and even critical. However, the popularity of the poems written by Chrościński in the seventeenth and the eighteenth centuries is remarkable. This popularity wanes in the course of time and slowly but steadily he becomes an unknown author, rarely recalled and selectively cited. The varied and divergent attitudes of historians of literature make us fully accept the following opinion given by Brückner: "Chrościński highly deserves a closer study of his literary output". Accordingly, the latter postulate is an invitation to a thorough and deepened investigation of the works of the poet.Item Polubić ten wątły obrys — dwie próbki z Roberta Creeleya(Wydawnictwo "Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne", 2009) Bartczak, KacperThe present sketch discusses two poems written by Robert Creeley, a poet initially associated with the Black Mountain College group, who later worked out his own idiosyncratic style, often referred to as minimalistic. Focusing on the two poems of the poet, one early poem and the other written towards the end of the poet’s life, the author of the article attempts to show how Creeley’s poetical technique, being remarkably disciplined and innerly organized variety of free verse, became his answer to the problem of contingency. Contingency, i.e. a lack of metaphysical protection, forms now the basic element of the poet in the democratic world. To facilitate this new modern understanding of the relationships between poetry and democracy, the author juxtaposes Creeley with Whitman in an attempt to outline post-religious spirituality close at hand for the poet who has no illusions as to human condition and who, at the same time, retains his creative power and drive that Creeley inherits from Whitman and Emerson.Item „Taki nieciekawy człowiek...”. Wokół biografii Bolesława Leśmiana(Wydawnictwo "Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne", 2009) Rajewska, EwaThe article discusses five biographies of the poet that have been published in the past few years. A highly complex and contradicting figure of Leśmian, a great poet and unsuccessful notary public, a provincial from the capital Warsaw, a misanthrope with busy social life, still arouses interests among the public – the more so that his first biography written by Łopuszański and entitled Leśmian was published as late as 2000. Łopuszański, who has been working on Leśmian for twenty years, has published the results of his biographical investigations in his two subsequent books: "Zofia i Bolesław Leśmianowie" (2005) and "Bolesław Leśmian. Marzyciel nad przepaścią" (2006). In turn, "Leśmian. Encyklopedia" (2001) by Rymkiewicz is a different book being a "personal" encyclopaedia, a somewhat patchy biography that focuses on arbitrarily selected entries chosen by its author, whereas "Leśmian, Leśmian… Wspomnienia o Bolesławie Leśmianie zebrane przez Adama Wiesława Kulika" (2008) is a collection of memoirs, a record of conversations that the author had with the inhabitants of Hrubieszów and Zamość who knew Leśmian personally in the 1920s and the 1930s – his colleagues at the Bar, workers of the notary's office, his acquaintances, neighbours and friends of his daughters.Item Wokół Forum(Wydawnictwo "Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne", 2009) Bieńkowska, EwaThe essay is excerpted from a chapter of a book that is currently being written by the author. The working title of the book is "Spacery po kościołach rzymskich" [Walks through historical churches and temples of Rome] (Wydawnictwo Zeszytów Literackich). The present essay aims at discussing the specific character of the Christian church architecture of the city of Rome that constitutes nodes of a network that has been developing throughout one and a half millennia. Each of the chapters of the book is centered around a particular walk of the town that includes on its way the described churches. The walks cover virtually the whole of the old town and some of the adjacent palaces. The adopted method of presentation is purely personal and has a character of a "Roman diary" — to some extent, the author has been inspired by "Promenades dans Rome" by Stendhal. The diary is, however, a particular guide book on the town for those who want to experience something else that the offer presented by standard guidebooks. Notwithstanding it subjective angle, the book does not interfere in passing the essential historical and artistic knowledge to the reader. Rome appears here to be a singular place, as a personification of one of the most important stages of Western civilization.Item Dystans i pragnienie bezpośredniości: nowoczesna świadomość Bolesława Leśmiana(Wydawnictwo "Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne", 2009) Winiecka, ElżbietaThe article presents B. Leśmian as a poet involved in his self-imposed task of promoting a return to primeval nature, but, at the same time, somebody who is fully aware of the utopian character of thus formulated and adopted assumptions. The two contradictory approaches converge in a poetic figure of desire. This particular urge is treated as a model of the imagination of the poet, who creates his poetical world knowing that the ultimate aim is unattainable but constitutes the ideal of poetry and can only be a state of cognitive assurance and self-knowledge or, alternatively, a situation of ontological stability and fulfilment. However, to reach this utmost goal, either on the poetical plane or on the existentialist, epistemological and ontological plane, to fulfill the cherished desires, is not possible within the poetical world created by Leśmian. The raison d'être of the self manifested by the protagonists of his poems as well as a justification of this poetry is the very striving towards the goal. The article shows the relevant dimensions of that desire as a metapoetical figure, anthropological and existentialist figures and epistemological and ontological figures. It further presents the opposition and the inner conflict within the modern views of the poet, who, consciously inscribes into his project its impracticability. The distance towards the current times and towards the idealistic assumptions of his own poetical programme constitutes the intrinsic originality of Leśmian's poems.Item Awangardowy wnuk Leśmiana(2009) Stankowska, AgataThe sketch discusses the "relations and interdependencies of impossibilities" connecting the discursive poetry of Bieńkowski with the lyrical poetics of Leśmian. This formula, coined by the author of "Sprawy wyobraźni," perfectly expresses these kind of references that exceed just a simple juxtaposition of similarities in subject matters or poetical figures. In terms of this plane, there seem to be are more differences between the two poems than conceivable similarities. However, within the plane of creative philosophy, the awareness of the language status in modern poetry, the abiding concept of reality and the attitude towards civilizational and social transformations, the similarities are particularly striking. The avant-garde poet does not shun from employing early modernist individualistic, idealistic, regressive and aesthetic (formalistic) tendencies so characteristic for Leśmian. If Przyboś, as Łapiński put it, "rehabilitated" Leśmian’s programme, Bieńkowski makes the Przyboś’ programme back again more like Leśmian-like, creating a programme not so much avant-garde in character but rather a one that relates to decadent aspirations of modernism in its narrowest sense. Not surprisingly then, he makes the lyrics of the author of Łąka his particular tertium comparationis of the phenomena in Polish postwar poetry, linguistic poetry in particular. This way, unusual power of modernity of Leśmian poetry is testified and well proven.