Idea złotego wieku a ludi saeculares w starożytnym Rzymie
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2015-12-07
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The idea of the golden age and ludi saeculares in Ancient Rome
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Zdaniem Dariusza Śnieżko, Rzymianie, w przeciwieństwie do Greków, nie potraktowali mitu jako fantazji poetyckiej, ale wprzęgli go do sfery ideologii państwowej. Idea złotego wieku miała zostać powiązana z igrzyskami wiekowymi (ludi saeculares), które odnowione lub, jak chcą niektórzy, stworzone na nowo przez Oktawiana Augusta, kontynuowali później: Klaudiusz, Domicjan, Antoninus Pius, Septymiusz Sewer i Filip Arab. W mojej rozprawie doktorskiej śledzę owe powiązania na kilku płaszczyznach: czasu, przestrzeni oraz władzy i pamięci.
W pierwszej części rozprawy zajmuję się tak zwanym „czasem tańczącym w miejscu”, który zestawiam z legendą rodową Waleriuszy, leżącą u podstaw igrzysk wiekowych (rozdział „czas rodowy”). W dalszej kolejności podejmuję temat chronologii republikańskich i cesarskich ludi saeculares, skupiając się na długości trwania saeculum (a także na jego etruskim pochodzeniu), który był mierzony okresem życia ludzkiego . Kolejną płaszczyzną badań zależności między ideą złotego wieku a igrzyskami wiekowymi czynię przestrzenie. Pierwszym rodzajem jest przestrzeń wyobrażona, a więc literackie ewokacje złotego wieku (Arkadia, Wyspy Szczęśliwych, Pola Elizejskie). Obraz ten zestawiam z przestrzenią skonkretyzowaną – częścią Pola Marsowego w Rzymie zwaną Tarentum lub Terentum, związaną z mitem o Waleriuszu, który przybył, by uratować chore dzieci wodą z ołtarza Disa i Prozerpiny (Wal. Maks. II 4.5). Swoje rozważania zamykam trzecią częścią – „Pamięć i władza”, w której charakteryzuję wagę pamięci communitas dla istnienia państwa rzymskiego, szczególnie w przypadku celebrowania igrzysk wiekowych, działania władców, którzy „upamiętniali” ludi saeculares bądź też byli skazywani na damnatio memoriae oraz wyznaczam punkt, w którym zaprzestano odprawiania igrzysk, a hasło złotego szczęśliwego wieku żyło dalej, często łączone z ideą Aeternitas .
Dariusz Śnieżko is of the opinion that unlike Greeks, Roman did not treat the myth as a lyrical fantasy, but incorporated it into the sphere of state ideology. The notion of the golden age was to be associated with the Secular Games (ludi saeculares) which, restored or as some would have it created anew by Augustus, were later continued by Claudius, Domitian, Antoninus Pius, Septimius Severus and Phillip the Arab. In my doctoral dissertation, I examine those links and associations on a number of planes, i.e. those relating to time, space, power and memory. In the first part of the dissertation, I focus on the so-called “time dancing in one place”, which I confront with the ancestral legend of the Valerii, which was the foundation of the Secular Games (chapter “The Family Time”). Subsequently, I address the chronology of republican and imperial ludi saeculares, drawing attention to the duration of saeculum (and on its Etruscan origins), which was measured by the length of human lifespan . Space is another area in which the dependencies between the idea of the golden age and the Secular Games are explored. The first to be addressed is the imaginary space, meaning the literary manifestations of the golden age (Arcadia, the Fortunate Isles, Elysian Fields). This image is juxtaposed with tangible space – a part of the Campus Martius in Rome called Tarentum or Terentum, associated with the myth of Valesius who came to save ill children with the water from the Altar of Dis Pater and Proserpine (Val. Max. II 4.5). I conclude my deliberations with the third part, entitled “Memory and Power”, in which I characterize the importance of the memory of communitas for the existence of the Roman state, in particular with regard to the celebrations of the Secular Games, the actions of the rulers who either “commemorated” ludi saeculares or were condemned to damnatio memoriae, and determine the point in time when the games were discontinued, while the notion of the golden age lived on, often associated with the concept of Aeternitas.
Dariusz Śnieżko is of the opinion that unlike Greeks, Roman did not treat the myth as a lyrical fantasy, but incorporated it into the sphere of state ideology. The notion of the golden age was to be associated with the Secular Games (ludi saeculares) which, restored or as some would have it created anew by Augustus, were later continued by Claudius, Domitian, Antoninus Pius, Septimius Severus and Phillip the Arab. In my doctoral dissertation, I examine those links and associations on a number of planes, i.e. those relating to time, space, power and memory. In the first part of the dissertation, I focus on the so-called “time dancing in one place”, which I confront with the ancestral legend of the Valerii, which was the foundation of the Secular Games (chapter “The Family Time”). Subsequently, I address the chronology of republican and imperial ludi saeculares, drawing attention to the duration of saeculum (and on its Etruscan origins), which was measured by the length of human lifespan . Space is another area in which the dependencies between the idea of the golden age and the Secular Games are explored. The first to be addressed is the imaginary space, meaning the literary manifestations of the golden age (Arcadia, the Fortunate Isles, Elysian Fields). This image is juxtaposed with tangible space – a part of the Campus Martius in Rome called Tarentum or Terentum, associated with the myth of Valesius who came to save ill children with the water from the Altar of Dis Pater and Proserpine (Val. Max. II 4.5). I conclude my deliberations with the third part, entitled “Memory and Power”, in which I characterize the importance of the memory of communitas for the existence of the Roman state, in particular with regard to the celebrations of the Secular Games, the actions of the rulers who either “commemorated” ludi saeculares or were condemned to damnatio memoriae, and determine the point in time when the games were discontinued, while the notion of the golden age lived on, often associated with the concept of Aeternitas.
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idea złotego wieku, idea of the golden age, ludi saeculares, ludi saeculares, igrzyska wiekowe, secular games